Cascading Style Sheets, Level 3.

Some first/preliminary sections:

• [August 27, 2003]   W3C CSS Working Group Publishes Three Cascading Style Sheets Working Drafts.    The W3C CSS Working Group has released three working drafts for the Cascading Style Sheets language "which is widely implemented and is playing an increasingly important role in styling many kinds of XML documents, including XHTML, SVG (Scalable Vector Graphics), XML, and SMIL (Synchronized Multimedia Integration Language). As described in CSS3 Module: Presentation Levels, presentation levels are integer values attached to elements in a document. They can be used to support slide presentations with transition effects (e.g., progressively revealing a list item by sliding it in from the side) and outline views of documents. The CSS3 Module: Syntax specification "describes the basic structure of CSS style sheets, some of the details of the syntax, and the rules for parsing CSS style sheets. It also describes how stylesheets can be linked to documents and how those links can be media-dependent." The CSS Print Profile is designed for printing from mobile devices where it is not feasible or desirable to install a printer-specific driver, and for situations were some variability between the device's view of the document and the formatting of the output is acceptable to provide a strong basis for rich printing results without a detailed understanding of each individual printer's characteristics. This profile will work in conjunction with XHTML-Print and defines an extension set that provides stronger layout control for the printing of mixed text and images, tables and image collections." The W3C CSS Working Group requests feedback on the working draft specifications.

• [July 08, 2003] "CSS3 Basic User Interface Module." Edited by Tantek Çelik (Microsoft Corporation). W3C Working Draft 3-July-2003. Latest version URL: http://www.w3.org/TR/css3-ui. Last Call Working Draft produced by the W3C CSS Working Group. Public comments are invited through 31-July-2003. "CSS3 is a set of modules, divided up and profiled in order to simplify the specification, and to allow implementors the flexibility of supporting the particular modules appropriate for their implementations. This module describes selectors and CSS properties which enable authors to style user interface related states, element fragments, properties and values. Section 2.1 of CSS1 and Chapter 18 of CSS2 introduced several user interface related pseudo-classes, properties and values. Section 6.6.4 of Selectors also describes several additional user interface related pseudo-classes, and one pseudo-element. This working draft extends them to provide the ability, through CSS, to style elements based upon additional user interface states, to style fragments of user interface elements, and to alter the dynamic presentation of elements in ways previously only available through specific HTML4 elements and attributes... The working draft defines: (1) Pseudo-classes and pseudo-elements to style user interface states and element fragments respectively; (2) Additions to the user interface features in CSS Version 2.1; (3) The ability to style the appearance of various standard form elements in HTML4 and properties to augment or replace some remaining stylistic attributes in HTML Version 4; (4) Directional focus navigation properties; (5) A mechanism to allow the styling of elements as icons for accessibility... This document is a draft of one of the 'modules' for the upcoming CSS3 specification. It not only describes the user interface related properties and values that already exist in CSS1 and CSS2.1, but also proposes new properties and values for CSS3 as well. The Working Group doesn't expect that all implementations of CSS3 will implement all properties or values. Instead, there will probably be a small number of variants of CSS3, so-called 'profiles'..."

• [April 06, 2001] "Introduction to CSS3." Edited by Eric A. Meyer and Bert Bos (W3C). W3C Working Draft, 6-April-2001. Latest version URL: http://www.w3.org/TR/css3-roadmap. This WD updates the previous version of 2001-01-19. Abstract: "The members of the CSS&FP Working Group have decided to modularize the CSS specification. This modularization will help to clarify the relationships between the different parts of the specification, and reduce the size of the complete document. It will also allow us to build specific tests on a per module basis and will help implementors in deciding which portions of CSS to support. Furthermore, the modular nature of the specification will make it possible for individual modules to be updated as needed, thus allowing for a more flexible and timely evolution of the spcification as a whole. This document lists all the modules to be contained in the future CSS3 specification." Description: "As the popularity of CSS grows, so does interest in making additions to the specification. Rather than attempting to shove dozens of updates into a single monolithic specification, it will be much easier and more efficient to be able to update individual pieces of the specification. Modules will enable CSS to be updated in a more timely and precise fashion, thus allowing for a more flexible and timely evolution of the spcification as a whole. For resource constrained devices, it may be impractical to support all of CSS. For example, an aural browser may be concerned only with aural styles, whereas a visual browser may care nothing for aural styles. In such cases, a user agent may implement a subset of CSS. Subsets of CSS are limited to combining selected CSS modules, and once a module has been chosen, all of its features must be supported." Section 2 of the WD displays the modules: "Module Overview: All modules contain a 'Conformance: Requirements and Recommendations' section. Any module whose table row is backed with green is considered part of the 'CSS Core.' The listed deadlines (backed in red) represent the time at which a module should be ready for Working Draft publication. There are also columns which indicate a module's participation in each of three 'profiles': HTML Basic, CSS3, and SVG. A module without any indicated module participation is at risk of being dropped from CSS3 before it reaches Proposed Recommendation status. A module without a listed editor is backed in yellow, and is in serious danger of being dropped..."

• [January 19, 2001] Updated Roadmap. W3C CSS3 Working Draft Outlines CSS3 Modularization Project and Test Suite. The W3C CSS Working Group has published an 'official introduction' to Cascading Style Sheets Level 3 (CSS3): Introduction to CSS3. Reference: W3C Working Draft, 19-January-2001, edited by Eric A. Meyer. This ("informative") working draft document describes details of modularization in the future Cascading Style Sheets Level 3 (CSS3) specification and describes the CSS test suite. The 'Module Overview" section supplies a list of all the CSS3 modules, together with names of the document editors and deadlines marking the time at which modules should be ready for Working Draft publication. Excerpt: "The members of the CSS&FP Working Group have decided to modularize the CSS specification. This modularization will help to clarify the relationships between the different parts of the specification, and reduce the size of the complete document. It will also allow us to build specific tests on a per module basis and will help implementors in deciding which portions of CSS to support. Furthermore, the modular nature of the specification will make it possible for individual modules to be updated as needed, thus allowing for a more flexible and timely evolution of the spcification as a whole... As the popularity of CSS grows, so does interest in making additions to the specification. Rather than attempting to shove dozens of updates into a single monolithic specification, it will be much easier and more efficient to be able to update individual pieces of the specification. Modules will enable CSS to be updated in a more timely and precise fashion, thus allowing for a more flexible and timely evolution of the spcification as a whole. For resource constrained devices, it may be impractical to support all of CSS. For example, an aural browser may be concerned only with aural styles, whereas a visual browser may care nothing for aural styles. In such cases, a user agent may implement a subset of CSS. Subsets of CSS are limited to combining selected CSS modules, and once a module has been chosen, all of its features must be supported." [cache]

• [March 01, 2002] "CSS3 module: Lists." W3C Working Draft 20-February-2002. Edited by Tantek Çelik (Microsoft Corporation) and Ian Hickson. Latest version URL: http://www.w3.org/TR/css3-lists. This first public working draft for the W3C Cascading Style Sheets (CSS) Level 3 'Lists' Module "describes how lists are rendered and offers enhanced list marker styling... The list model in this module differs in some important ways from the list model in CSS2, specifically in its handling of markers. Implementation experience suggested the CSS2 model overloaded the ::before and ::after pseudo-elements with too much behavior, while at the same time introducing new properties when existing properties were sufficient. Most block-level elements in CSS generate one principal block box. In this module, [the authors] discuss two CSS mechanisms that cause an element to have an associated marker: one method associates one principal block box (for the element's content) with a separate marker box (for decoration such as a bullet, image, or number), and the other inserts a marker box into the principal box. Unlike ::before and ::after content, the marker box cannot affect the position of the principal box, whatever the positioning scheme... There are significant changes in this module when compared to CSS2: (1) display:marker has been replaced with ::marker; (2) It is no longer possible to make end markers; (3) The marker-offset property is obsoleted; (4) The marker display type is obsoleted; (5) Markers are now aligned relative to the line box edge, rather than the border edge; (6) Markers now have margins; (7) The introduction of the box list style type as well as a number of alphabetic and numbering types; (8) Error handling rules for unknown list style types were changed to be consistent with the normal parsing error handling rules; (9) The list-item predefined counter identifier has been introduced..."

• [April 14, 2000] The W3C has issued an initial working document which explains modularization of the CSS3 specification and its test suite: CSS3 Introduction. Reference: W3C Working Draft, 14-April-2000, edited by Eric A. Meyer. This working draft doeument has been produced by CSS & FP working group, which is part of the W3C Style activity. Abstract: "The members of the CSS&FP Working Group have decided to modularize the CSS specification. This modularization will help to clarify the relationships between the different parts of the specification, and reduce the size of the complete document. It will also allow to build specific tests on a per module basis and will help implementors in deciding which portions of CSS to support. Furthermore, the modular nature of the specification will make it possible for individual modules to be updated as needed, thus allowing for a more flexible and timely evolution of the specification as a whole. This document lists all the modules to be contained in the future CSS3 specification. It will eventually become the introduction to CSS3." According to the 'Modules Overview' table, all modules must contain a 'Conformance: Requirements and Recommendations' section. Any module whose table row is backed with green is considered part of the CSS Core. The listed deadlines (backed in red) represent the time at which a module should be ready for Working Draft publication. There are also columns which indicate a module's participation in each of three 'profiles': HTML Basic, CSS3, and SVG." The modules identified include: Introduction; Syntax / grammar; Selectors; Values & units; Value assignment / cascade / inheritance; Box model / vertical; Positioning; Color / gamma / color profiles; Background; Line box model; Text & font / bidi / vertical alignment; Ruby; Generated content / markers; Replaced content; Paged media; User interface; WebFonts; ACSS; SMIL; Tables; Columns; SVG; Math; BECSS; Test Suite. For other information, see (1) the W3C web site and (2) "Cascading Style Sheets, Level 3." [cache]

• [August 03, 2001]   W3C Publishes Working Draft CSS3 Modules for Fonts and Box Model.    Two new CSS3 working drafts have been released by the W3C CSS working group editors as part of the W3C Style Activity. CSS3 Module: The Box Model "describes the layout of textual documents in visual media. The box model builds on the inline text model, which describes how text is laid out on a line, including treatment of superscripts and bidirectional ('bidi') text. The flow can be horizontal, which is typical for most languages, but in level 3 of CSS, flows can also be vertical; this is typical for the Uighur script and often used for ideographic scripts." The working draft document CSS3 Module: Fonts "presents a set of properties allowing font specification by a user agent as well as additional font decoration properties like font effects, emphasis, smoothing, etc. While the font specification is identical to the similar section in CSS 2, the font decoration properties are new to CSS3. This new module only addresses the font specification part; all other considerations are covered by the Web Font module which addresses: font selection, font characteristics, and font matching algorithm. In addition, this modules specifies various font decoration effects that are glyph related like 3D effect, outline, smoothing and emphasis. These decoration effects are differentiated from the text-decoration through their closer relationship with fonts and their glyphs." [Full context]

• [July 18, 2001]   W3C Releases CSS3 Modules for Inheritance, Values, and Units.    The W3C CSS Working Group has published two new CSS3 modules as working drafts. CSS3 Module: Cascading and Inheritance "describes how values are assigned to properties. CSS allows several style sheets to influence the rendering of a document, and the process of combining these style sheets is called 'cascading'. If no value can be found through cascading, a value can be inherited from the parent element or the property's initial value is used." This working draft contains nothing new conceptually, but constitutes a redraft of relevant portions of CSS level 2 as a CSS3 module; "all the properties and features described which also exist in CSS level 2 are intended to be backwards compatible." The working draft for CSS3 Module: Values and Units "describes the various values and units that CSS properties accept. Also, it describes how 'specified values', which is what a style sheet contains, are processed into 'computed values' and 'actual values'. There are five main types of values in CSS: (1) keywords -- e.g., "pitch-range: inherit"; (2) numbers -- e.g., "orphans: 3"; (3) numbers with unit identifiers -- e.g., "border-width: 0.2em"; (4) strings -- e.g., "content: 'Figure: '"; (5) functions -- e.g., "background: url(http://www.w3.org/image)"; (6) special cases -- e.g., "color: #F00" and "font-size: Helvetica". Most properties accepts values from several of the above types. Some properties accept space- or comma-separated lists of values. Each CSS property has a formal definition of what types of values it accepts which can be found in the description of the property..." [Full context]

• [December 12, 2001] "Selectors." W3C Candidate Recommendation. 13-November-2001. Edited by Daniel Glazman (Netscape/AOL), Tantek Gelik (Microsoft Corporation), Ian Hickson, Peter Linss (former editor, formerly of Netscape/AOL), and John Williams (former editor, Quark, Inc.). Latest version URL: http://www.w3.org/TR/css3-selectors. "CSS (Cascading Style Sheets) is a language for describing the rendering of HTML and XML documents on screen, on paper, in speech, etc. To bind style properties to elements in the document, CSS uses selectors, which are patterns that match one or more elements. This document describes the selectors that are proposed for CSS level 3. It includes and extends the selectors of CSS level 2. The specification proposes new selectors for CSS3 as well as for other languages that may need them... A Selector represents a structure; this structure can be used as a condition (e.g., in a CSS rule) that determines which elements a selector matches in the document tree, or as a flat description of the HTML or XML fragment corresponding to that structure. Selectors may range from simple element names to rich contextual representations..." Review comments on this Candidate Recommendation will be evaluated by the W3C CSS Working Group through May 2002.

• [October 05, 2000] CSS3 Module on W3C Selectors. As part of the W3C style activity, the W3C CSS & FP working group has released a new working draft specification for the CSS3 Module on W3C Selectors. Reference: W3C Working Draft 5-October-2000, edited by Tantek Çelik (Microsoft Corporation), Daniel Glazman, Peter Linss (formerly of Netscape Communications), and John Williams (Quark, Inc.). This WD updates the previous draft of 2000-04-10; section 12 supplies a list of changes from previous versions. Document abstract: "CSS (Cascading Style Sheets) is a language for describing the rendering of HTML and XML documents on screen, on paper, in speech, etc. To bind style properties to elements in the document, it uses selectors, which are patterns that match to elements. This draft describes the selectors that are proposed for CSS level 3. It includes and extends the selectors of CSS level 2." Description: "This document is a draft of one of the 'modules' for the upcoming CSS3 specification. It not only describes the selectors that already exist in CSS1 and CSS2, but also proposes new selectors for CSS3 as well as for other languages that may need them. The Working Group doesn't expect that all implementations of CSS3 will have to implement all types of selectors. Instead, there will probably be a small number of variants of CSS3, so-called 'profiles'. For example, it may be that only the profile for non-interactive user agents will include all of the proposed selectors. . .The modularization of CSS and the externalization of the general syntax will reduce the size of the specification and allow new types of specifications to use selectors and/or CSS general syntax -- for instance behaviours or tree transformations. A W3C selector represents a structure. This structure can be understood for instance as a condition (e.g., in a CSS rule) that determines which elements in the document tree are matched by this selector, or as a flat description of the HTML or XML fragment corresponding to that structure."

• [April 14, 2000] As part of a design effort to modularize the CSS specification, the W3C's CSS&FP Working Group [Cascading Style Sheets and Formatting Properties Working Group] has released a new working draft on CSS3 Selectors: CSS3 Module: W3C Selectors. The proposed modularization, together with the externalization of the general syntax of CSS is designed to reduce the size of the specification and allow new types of specifications to use selectors and/or CSS general syntax. For instance behaviours or tree transformations." Reference: W3C Working Draft 10-April-2000, edited by Tantek Çelik, Daniel Glazman, Peter Linss, and John Williams. Abstract: "CSS (Cascading Style Sheets) is a language for describing the rendering of HTML and XML documents on screen, on paper, in speech, etc. To bind style properties to elements in the document, it uses selectors, which are patterns that match to elements. This draft describes the selectors that are proposed for CSS level 3. It includes and extends the selectors of CSS level 2. [...] A W3C selector represents a structure. This structure can be understood for instance as a condition (e.g. in a CSS rule) that determines which elements in the document tree are matched by this selector, or as a flat description of the HTML or XML fragment corresponding to that structure. W3C selectors may range from simple element names to rich contextual representations. . .This document is a draft of one of the modules for the upcoming CSS3 specification. It not only describes the selectors that already exist in CSS1 and CSS2, but also proposes new selectors for CSS3 as well as for other languages that may need them. The Working Group doesn't expect that all implementations of CSS3 will have to implement all types of selectors. Instead, there will probably be a small number of variants of CSS3, so-called 'profiles'. For example, it may be that only the profile for non-interactive user agents will include all of the proposed selectors. The current draft is the result of the merging of relevant parts of the following Working Drafts: (1) "CSS3 Module: W3C Selectors" [August 1999], (2) "CSS Namespace Enhancements [June 1999], (3) "User Interface for CSS3" [September 1999]. [cache]

• [February 16, 2001] "CSS3 Module: Ruby." Edited by Michel Suignard (Microsoft). W3C Working Draft 16-February-2001. Also available as a ZIP archive. The document "proposes a set of CSS properties associated with the 'Ruby' elements. It is a working draft of the CSS Working Group which is part of the W3C Style activity. It contains a proposal for features to be included in CSS level 3... Ruby is the commonly used name for a run of text that appears in the immediate vicinity of another run of text, referred to as the 'base', and serves as an annotation or a pronunciation guide associated with that run of text. Ruby, as used in Japanese, is described in JIS X-4051 [Line composition rules for Japanese documents, JIS X 4051-1995, Japanese Standards Association, 1995]. The ruby structure and the HTML markup to represent it is described in the Ruby specification ... This CSS ruby model is based on the XHTML Ruby Annotation module proposal, in which the structure of a ruby closely parallels the visual layout of the ruby element. In this model, a ruby consists of one or more base elements associated with one or more annotation elements. The CSS model does not require that the document language include elements that correspond to each of these components. For document languages (such as XML applications) that do not have pre-defined ruby elements, authors must map document language elements to ruby elements; this is done with the 'display' property..."

• [September 30, 1999] A new W3C working draft on Paged Media Properties for CSS3 has been released by the W3C as part of the Style Activity. Reference: W3C Working Draft 28-September-1999, by Robert Stevahn. See below.

• Paged Media Properties for CSS3. W3C Working Draft 22 June 1999. By Robert Stevahn. "This document proposes an extension to CSS to permit finer control over the paged presentation, both printed and online, of Web pages. Some of the features described are useful for other media as well. Included are properties for describing headers, footers, footnotes and endnotes. These features require other features described here, such as cross-references and page-based counters. In addition, page-dependent floating elements are described. . . This document forms one part of a modular set of Working Drafts which will, when complete, define the next level of CSS."

• [January 19, 2001] CSS3 Module: Multi-column layout. Revised working draft. Reference: W3C Working Draft, 18-January-2001, edited by Håkon Wium Lie. This specifiction "builds upon the box model module, and provides a facility whereby stylesheet authors can allow content to flow from one column to another, specify column width, and allow the number of columns to vary, all depending on available space."

• Multi-column layout in CSS. For example: 'W3C Working Draft 22 June 1999', edited by Håkon Wium Lie. "This is a proposal for multi-column layout in CSS. It is based on several older proposals and comments on older proposals. The document describes one main proposal, and two variations of the proposal. . . defines a set of of CSS properties that address the following requirements: (1) the style sheet specifies the number of columns and lets the UA choose the dimensions (2) the style sheet specifies a column width and lets the UA determine how many columns there is room for. (3) the style sheet specifies both the number of columns and their widths."

• [April 19, 2002] "CSS3 Module: Color." W3C Working Draft 18-April-2002. W3C Last Call Working Draft; comments may be sent until May 17, 2002. Edited by Tantek Çelik (Microsoft Corporation) and Chris Lilley (W3C). With contributions from additional authors: Steven Pemberton (CWI) and Brad Pettit (Microsoft Corporation). Latest version URL: http://www.w3.org/TR/css3-color. "CSS (Cascading Style Sheets) is a language for describing the rendering of HTML and XML documents on screen, on paper, in speech, etc. To color elements in a document, it uses color related properties and respective values. This draft describes the properties and values that are proposed for CSS level 3. It includes and extends them from properties and values of CSS level 2... This document is a draft of one of the 'modules' for the upcoming CSS3 specification. As a set of modules, CSS3 is divided up and profiled in order to simplify the specification, and to allow implementors the flexibility of supporting the particular modules appropriate for their implementations. This module describes CSS properties which allow authors to specify the foreground color and opacity of an element. Additional properties allow specification of the ICC color profile and rendering intent of image content. This module also describes in detail the CSS <color> value type. The Working Group doesn't expect that all implementations of CSS3 will implement all properties or values. Instead, there will probably be a small number of variants of CSS3, so-called 'profiles'. For example, it may be that only the profile for 32-bit color user agents will include all of the proposed color related properties and values..." [As to Profiles:] "Each specification using CSS3 Color must define the subset of CSS3 Color features it allows and excludes, and describe the local meaning of all the components of that subset."

• Color Profiles for CSS3. For example 'W3C Working Draft 22 June 1999.' "This document proposes an extension to CSS to permit finer control over the reproducibility and accuracy of colors used in a Web page."

• A new working draft document on "selectors" has been published by the W3C as part of the W3C Style Activity. References: CSS3 Module: W3C Selectors (W3C Working Draft 3-August-1999). The document editor is Daniel Glazman (Electricité de France).

• CSS Namespace Enhancements (Proposal). W3C Working Draft, 25-June-1999. Edited by Peter Linss, Netscape Communications. "This is a proposal for making CSS namespace-aware; such that styles can be applied to XML documents which use multiple namespaces, correctly selecting by the namespace used, regardless of the namespace prefix which happens to be used." See: latest version.

• [February 25, 2000] A new W3C working draft document User Interface for CSS3 has been published by CSS & FP working group as part of the Style activity, and includes proposal for features to be included in CSS level 3. Reference: W3C Working Draft 16-Feb-2000, edited by Tantek Çelik (Microsoft Corporation). Co-authors include Peter Linss and Sho Kuwamoto. The new working draft supplies: (1) a completion of the user interface features in CSS2; (2) CSS mechanisms to simulate the look and feel of various standard form elements in HTML4; (3) CSS mechanisms to augment or replace the remaining stylistic attributes in HTML4; and (4) a mechanism for CSS to enable full-screen or kiosk mode. The proposal extends several user interface related pseudo-classes, properties and values [from CSS level 2] to provide the ability, through CSS, to style elements based upon their various user interface related states, and to make an arbitrary structural element take on the dynamic presentation, or system default look and feel, of various standard user interface widgets. The proposal can be briefly summed up by the following additions to CSS: (1) Four new pseudo-classes and two new pseudo-elements to represent the various states and relevant fragments of user interface elements. (2) Full-screen or kiosk mode - one new media type. (3) More system cursors, colors and fonts for multiple platforms. (4) Display:inline-block for BUTTON, TEXTAREA, and other elements. (5) Content and list-style-type additions for radio button, checkbox, and checked menu visuals. (6) Ten new properties consisting of the following: ability to interpret width and height as defining the border-box; resizing mechanism for elements (to complement the scrollbars from overflow); keyboard shortcuts, tabbing order, and focus selection control; making explicit which elements the user can interact with and modify."

• User Interface for CSS3. W3C Working Draft 16-September-1999. Edited by Tantek Çelik. "This document is a working draft of the W3C CSS&FP working group which is part of the Style activity. It contains a proposal for features to be included in CSS level 3. The working draft proposal provides specification for: (1) Completion of the user interface features in CSS2. (2) CSS mechanisms to simulate the look and feel of various standard form elements in HTML4. (3) CSS mechanisms to augment or replace the remaining stylistic attributes in HTML4. (4) A mechanism for CSS to enable full-screen or kiosk mode."

Cascading Style Sheets, Level 2.

[March 02, 2004]   W3C Publishes Candidate Recommendations for CSS Language Specifications.    A W3C announcement describes the release of three Cascading Style Sheets (CSS) language specifications as Candidate Recommendations. The Cascading Style Sheets, Level 2 Revision 1. CSS 2.1 Specification "allows authors and users to attach style to structured documents; by separating the presentation style of documents from the content of documents, CSS 2.1 simplifies Web authoring and site maintenance. CSS 2.1 builds on CSS2 and CSS1. It supports media-specific style sheets so that authors may tailor the presentation of their documents to visual browsers, aural devices, printers, braille devices, handheld devices, etc. It also supports content positioning, table layout, features for internationalization and some properties related to user interface." This specification will remain at Candidate Recommendation level at least until September 2004. CSS Print Profile "specifies a conformance profile for printing from mobile devices to low-cost printers, identifying a minimum set of properties, values, selectors, and cascading rules. This profile was designed in conjunction with XHTML-Print for low cost printers that may not have a full-page buffer and that generally print from top-to-bottom and left-to-right with the paper in a portrait orientation." The CSS3 Paged Media Module "describes the page model that partitions a flow into pages. It builds on the CSS3 Box model module and introduces and defines the page model and paged media. It adds functionality for pagination, page margins, headers and footers, image orientation. Finally, it extends generated content for the purpose of cross-references with page numbers."

W3C Recommendation 12-May-1998. REC-CSS2-19980512. Edited by Bert Bos, Håkon Wium Lie, Chris Lilley, Ian Jacobs. "This specification defines Cascading Style Sheets, level 2 (CSS2). CSS2 is a style sheet language that allows authors and users to attach style (e.g., fonts, spacing, and aural cues) to structured documents (e.g., HTML documents and XML applications). By separating the presentation style of documents from the content of documents, CSS2 simplifies Web authoring and site maintenance. CSS2 builds on CSS1 and, with very few exceptions, all valid CSS1 style sheets are valid CSS2 style sheets. CSS2 supports media-specific style sheets so that authors may tailor the presentation of their documents to visual browsers, aural devices, printers, braille devices, handheld devices, etc. This specification also supports content positioning, downloadable fonts, table layout, features for internationalization, automatic counters and numbering, and some properties related to user interface."

• Cascading Style Sheets, Level 2 Revision 1. CSS 2.1 Specification
• Latest version: http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-CSS2
• Version 1998-05-12: http://www.w3.org/TR/1998/REC-CSS2-19980512
• CSS2 in PDF Format: http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-CSS2/css2.pdf
• Previous Version: http://www.w3.org/TR/1998/PR-CSS2-19980324
• A brief CSS2 tutorial for HTML
• A brief CSS2 tutorial for XML
• Errata in REC-CSS2-19980512
• See: 12 May, 1998 CSS2 press release, fact sheet, and testimonials.

[October 24, 2001]   W3C CSS Working Group Issues CSS Mobile Profile as a W3C Candidate Recommendation.    Members of the W3C CSS Working Group have put forward CSS Mobile Profile 1.0 as a W3C Candidate Recommendation. Part of the W3C Style Activity, this document "defines a subset of the Cascading Style Sheets Level 2 specification tailored to the needs and constraints of mobile devices. CSS2 is a style sheet language that allows authors and users to attach style (e.g., fonts, spacing, and aural cues) to structured documents (e.g., HTML documents and XML applications). By separating the presentation style of documents from the content of documents, CSS2 simplifies Web authoring and site maintenance. CSS2 thus specifies how developers can author style sheets for presenting documents across multiple devices and media types. The CSS Mobile Profile specifies a conformance profile for mobile devices, identifying a minimum set of properties, values, selectors, and cascading rules; the resulting CSS Mobile Profile is very similar to CSS1. The new CR document is a revision of the Working Draft dated January 29, 2001; it incorporates suggestions received during last call review, comments, and further deliberations of the W3C CSS Working Group." The duration of the Candidate Recommendation phase will be at least six months, viz., October 2001 through April 2002. [Full context]

[October 13, 2000] W3C Publishes CSS Mobile Profile 1.0 for Mobile Devices. W3C has issued CSS Mobile Profile 1.0 as a working draft to define a subset of CSS2 features that provides a minimal guarantee of interoperability on mobile devices. Reference: Working Draft 13-October-2000, by Ted Wugofski (Phone.com), Doug Dominiak (Motorola), and Peter StarkEricsson). Document abstract: "This specification defines a subset of the Cascading Style Sheets Level 2 specification tailored to the needs and constraints of mobile devices." The Working Draft of the CSS Mobile Profile specification has been published by the W3C CSS Working Group part of the Style activity. The document supplies a "profile of the Cascading Style Sheets, level 2 (CSS2) specification appropriate for mobile devices such as wireless phones. Conformance to this profile means that a user agent supports, at minimum, the features defined in this specification per the CSS2 conformance. CSS2 specifies how developers can author style sheets for presenting documents across multiple devices and media types. While this is very important, it is also important that authors have an understanding of what features are supported on these different devices. Likewise, it is important that similar devices operate in a similar manner. Otherwise, authors will need to develop style sheets for each version of each device -- raising the cost of content development and decreasing interoperability. The CSS Mobile Profile specifies a conformance profile for mobile devices, identifying a minimum set of properties, values, selectors, and cascading rules. The resulting CSS Mobile Profile is very similar to CSS1." Section 3 provides a tabular summary of CSS Mobile Profile selector syntax. The CSS Mobile Profile uses the same syntax as specified in CSS2, with a subset of values; in general, the CSS Mobile Profile uses the same cascading rules as in CSS2. A CSS Mobile Profile conforming user agent must also be able to process media-dependent stylesheets as specified in CSS2."

Cascading Style Sheets, Level 1.

Cascading Style Sheets, level 1. W3C Recommendation 17 Dec 1996, revised 11 Jan 1999. REC-CSS1-19990111, http://www.w3.org/TR/1999/REC-CSS1-19990111. Authors: Håkon Wium Lie and Bert Bos. "This document specifies level 1 of the Cascading Style Sheet mechanism (CSS1). CSS1 is a simple style sheet mechanism that allows authors and readers to attach style (e.g., fonts, colors and spacing) to HTML documents. The CSS1 language is human readable and writable, and expresses style in common desktop publishing terminology."

• Latest version: http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-CSS1
• 1999-01-11 version: http://www.w3.org/TR/1999/REC-CSS1-19990111
• Previous version: http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-CSS1-961217
• See the December 17, 1996 press release, fact sheet, and testimonials.