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NCBI SGML entity list

Note! If an ASCII character is sufficient to represent the entity in your text, please use the ASCII character. Use the SGML entities below only when ASCII will not suffice, or if you employ them already and it would be burdensome to translate them.

Contents:

• Accented Characters
• More Accented Characters
• Greek Letters
• Monotoniko Greek
• Greek Symbols
• Alternative Greek Symbols
• Russian Cyrillic
• Non-Russian Cyrillic
• Fractions, Super/Subscripts, Punctuation
• Publishing Marks
• Diacritical Marks
• General Technical
• Math Symbols:
  • Arrows
  • Binary Operators
  • Delimiters
  • Relationships
  • Negated Relationships
  • Other
• Box and Line Drawing Symbols

• á --- small a, acute accent
• Á --- capital A, acute accent
• &acirc ; --- small a, circumflex accent
• &Acirc ; --- capital A, circumflex accent
• à --- small a, grave accent
• À --- capital A, grave accent
• &aring ; --- small a, ring
• &Aring ; --- capital A, ring
• ã --- small a, tilde
• Ã --- capital A, tilde
• &auml ; --- small a, dieresis or umlaut mark
• &Auml ; --- capital A, dieresis or umlaut mark
• &aelig ; --- small ae diphthong (ligature)
• &AElig ; --- capital AE diphthong (ligature)
• ç --- small c, cedilla
• Ç --- capital C, cedilla
• &eth ; --- small eth, Icelandic
• &ETH ; --- capital Eth, Icelandic
• é --- small e, acute accent
• É --- capital E, acute accent
• &ecirc ; --- small e, circumflex accent
• &Ecirc ; --- capital E, circumflex accent
• è --- small e, grave accent
• È --- capital E, grave accent
• &euml ; --- esmall e, dieresis or umlaut mark
• &Euml ; --- capital E, dieresis or umlaut mark
• í --- small i, acute accent
• Í --- capital I, acute accent
• &icirc ; --- small i, circumflex accent
• &Icirc ; --- capital I, circumflex accent
• ì --- ismall i, grave accent
• Ì --- capital I, grave accent
• &iuml ; --- small i, dieresis or umlaut mark
• &Iuml ; --- capital I, dieresis or umlaut mark
• ñ --- small n, tilde
• Ñ --- capital N, tilde
• ó --- small o, acute accent
• Ó --- capital O, acute accent
• &ocirc ; --- small o, circumflex accent
• &Ocirc ; --- capital O, circumflex accent
• ò --- small o, grave accent
• Ò --- capital O, grave accent
• ø --- small o, slash
• Ø --- capital O, slash
• õ --- small o, tilde
• Õ --- capital O, tilde
• &ouml ; --- small o, dieresis or umlaut mark
• &Ouml ; --- capital O, dieresis or umlaut mark
• &szlig ; --- small sharp s, German (sz ligature)
• &thorn ; --- small thorn, Icelandic
• &THORN ; --- capital THORN, Icelandic
• ú --- small u, acute accent
• Ú --- capital U, acute accent
• &ucirc ; --- small u, circumflex accent
• &Ucirc ; --- capital U, circumflex accent
• ù --- small u, grave accent
• Ù --- capital U, grave accent
• &uuml ; --- small u, dieresis or umlaut mark
• &Uuml ; --- capital U, dieresis or umlaut mark
• ý --- small y, acute accent
• Ý --- capital Y, acute accent
• &yuml ; --- small y, dieresis or umlaut mark

• ă --- small a, breve
• Ă --- capital A, breve
• &amacr ; --- small a, macron
• &Amacr ; --- capital A, macron
• &aogon ; --- small a, ogonek
• &Aogon ; --- capital A, ogonek
• ć --- small c, acute accent
• Ć --- capital C, acute accent
• č --- small c, caron
• Č --- capital C, caron
• &ccirc ; --- small c, circumflex accent
• &Ccirc ; --- capital C, circumflex accent
• &cdot ; --- small c, dot above
• &Cdot ; --- capital C, dot above
• ď --- small d, caron
• Ď --- capital D, caron
• đ --- small d, stroke
• Đ --- capital D, stroke
• ě --- small e, caron
• Ě --- capital E, caron
• &edot ; --- small e, dot above
• &Edot ; --- capital E, dot above
• &emacr ; --- small e, macron
• &Emacr ; --- capital E, macron
• &eogon ; --- small e, ogonek
• &Eogon ; --- capital E, ogonek
• ǵ --- small g, acute accent
• ğ --- small g, breve
• Ğ --- capital G, breve
• Ģ --- capital G, cedilla
• &gcirc ; --- small g, circumflex accent
• &Gcirc ; --- capital G, circumflex accent
• &gdot ; --- small g, dot above
• &Gdot ; --- capital G, dot above
• &hcirc ; --- small h, circumflex accent
• &Hcirc ; --- capital H, circumflex accent
• ħ --- small h, stroke
• Ħ --- capital H, stroke
• &Idot ; --- capital I, dot above
• &Imacr ; --- capital I, macron
• &imacr ; --- small i, macron
• &ijlig ; --- small ij ligature
• &IJlig ; --- capital IJ ligature
• ı --- small i without dot
• &iogon ; --- small i, ogonek
• &Iogon ; --- capital I, ogonek
• ĩ --- small i, tilde
• Ĩ --- capital I, tilde
• &jcirc ; --- small j, circumflex accent
• &Jcirc ; --- capital J, circumflex accent
• ķ --- small k, cedilla
• Ķ --- capital K, cedilla
• ĸ --- small k, Greenlandic
• ĺ --- small l, acute accent
• Ĺ --- capital L, acute accent
• ľ --- small l, caron
• Ľ --- capital L, caron
• ļ --- small l, cedilla
• Ļ --- capital L, cedilla
• ŀ --- small l, middle dot
• Ŀ --- capital L, middle dot
• ł --- small l, stroke
• Ł --- capital L, stroke
• ń --- small n, acute accent
• Ń --- capital N, acute accent
• &eng ; --- small eng, Lapp
• &ENG ; --- capital ENG, Lapp
• &napos ; ---small n, apostrophe
• ň ---small n, caron
• Ň ---capital N, caron
• ņ ---small n, cedilla
• Ņ ---capital N, cedilla
• ő ---small o, double acute accent
• Ő ---capital O, double acute accent
• &Omacr ; ---capital O, macron
• &omacr ; ---small o, macron
• &oelig ; ---small oe ligature
• &OElig ; ---capital OE ligature
• ŕ ---small r, acute accent
• Ŕ ---capital R, acute accent
• ř ---small r, caron
• Ř ---capital R, caron
• ŗ ---small r, cedilla
• Ŗ ---capital R, cedilla
• ś ---small s, acute accent
• Ś ---capital S, acute accent
• š ---small s, caron
• Š ---capital S, caron
• ş ---small s, cedilla
• Ş ---capital S, cedilla
• &scirc ; ---small s, circumflex accent
• &Scirc ; ---capital S, circumflex accent
• ť ---small t, caron
• Ť ---capital T, caron
• ţ ---small t, cedilla
• Ţ ---capital T, cedilla
• ŧ ---small t, stroke
• Ŧ ---capital T, stroke
• ŭ ---small u, breve
• Ŭ ---capital U, breve
• ű ---small u, double acute accent
• Ű ---capital U, double acute accent
• &umacr ; ---small u, macron
• &Umacr ; ---capital U, macron
• &uogon ; ---small u, ogonek
• &Uogon ; ---capital U, ogonek
• &uring ; ---small u, ring
• &Uring ; ---capital U, ring
• ũ ---small u, tilde
• Ũ ---capital U, tilde
• &wcirc ; ---small w, circumflex accent
• &Wcirc ; ---capital W, circumflex accent
• &ycirc ; ---small y, circumflex accent
• &Ycirc ; ---capital Y, circumflex accent
• &Yuml ; ---capital Y, dieresis or umlaut mark
• ź ---small z, acute accent
• Ź ---capital Z, acute accent
• ž ---small z, caron
• Ž ---capital Z, caron
• &zdot ; ---small z, dot above
• &Zdot ; ---capital Z, dot above

• &agr ; --- small alpha, Greek
• &Agr ; --- capital Alpha, Greek
• &bgr ; --- small beta, Greek
• &Bgr ; --- capital Beta, Greek
• &ggr ; --- small gamma, Greek
• &Ggr ; --- capital Gamma, Greek
• &dgr ; --- small delta, Greek
• &Dgr ; --- capital Delta, Greek
• &egr ; --- small epsilon, Greek
• &Egr ; --- capital Epsilon, Greek
• &zgr ; --- small zeta, Greek
• &Zgr ; --- capital Zeta, Greek
• &eegr ; --- small eta, Greek
• &EEgr ; --- capital Eta, Greek
• &thgr ; --- small theta, Greek
• &THgr ; --- capital Theta, Greek
• &igr ; --- small iota, Greek
• &Igr ; --- capital Iota, Greek
• &kgr ; --- small kappa, Greek
• &Kgr ; --- capital Kappa, Greek
• &lgr ; --- small lambda, Greek
• &Lgr ; --- capital Lambda, Greek
• &mgr ; --- small mu, Greek
• &Mgr ; --- capital Mu, Greek
• &ngr ; --- small nu, Greek
• &Ngr ; --- capital Nu, Greek
• &xgr ; --- small xi, Greek
• &Xgr ; --- capital Xi, Greek
• &ogr ; --- small omicron, Greek
• &Ogr ; --- capital Omicron, Greek
• &pgr ; --- small pi, Greek
• &Pgr ; --- capital Pi, Greek
• &rgr ; --- small rho, Greek
• &Rgr ; --- capital Rho, Greek
• &sgr ; --- small sigma, Greek
• &Sgr ; --- capital Sigma, Greek
• &sfgr ; --- final small sigma, Greek
• &tgr ; --- small tau, Greek
• &Tgr ; --- capital Tau, Greek
• &ugr ; --- small upsilon, Greek
• &Ugr ; --- capital Upsilon, Greek
• &phgr ; --- small phi, Greek
• &PHgr ; --- capital Phi, Greek
• &khgr ; --- small chi, Greek
• &KHgr ; --- capital Chi, Greek
• &psgr ; --- small psi, Greek
• &PSgr ; --- capital Psi, Greek
• &ohgr ; --- small omega, Greek
• &OHgr ; --- capital Omega, Greek

• &aacgr ; --- small alpha, accent, Greek
• &Aacgr ; --- capital Alpha, accent, Greek
• &eacgr ; --- small epsilon, accent, Greek
• &Eacgr ; --- capital Epsilon, accent, Greek
• &eeacgr; --- small eta, accent, Greek
• &EEacgr; --- capital Eta, accent, Greek
• &idigr ; --- small iota, dieresis, Greek
• &Idigr ; --- capital Iota, dieresis, Greek
• &iacgr ; --- small iota, accent, Greek
• &Iacgr ; --- capital Iota, accent, Greek
• &idiagr; --- small iota, dieresis, accent, Greek
• &oacgr ; --- small omicron, accent, Greek
• &Oacgr ; --- capital Omicron, accent, Greek
• &udigr ; --- small upsilon, dieresis, Greek
• &Udigr ; --- capital Upsilon, dieresis, Greek
• &uacgr ; --- small upsilon, accent, Greek
• &Uacgr ; --- capital Upsilon, accent, Greek
• &udiagr; --- small upsilon, dieresis, accent, Greek
• &ohacgr; --- small omega, accent, Greek
• &OHacgr; --- capital Omega, accent, Greek

• &alpha ; --- small alpha, Greek
• &beta ; --- small beta, Greek
• &gamma ; --- small gamma, Greek
• &Gamma ; --- capital Gamma, Greek
• &gammad ; --- digamma
• &delta ; --- small delta, Greek
• &Delta ; --- capital Delta, Greek
• &epsi ; --- small epsilon, Greek
• &epsiv ; --- var epsilon
• &epsis ; --- straight epsilon
• &zeta ; --- small zeta, Greek
• &eta ; --- small eta, Greek
• &thetas ; --- straight theta
• &Theta ; --- capital Theta, Greek
• &thetav ; --- var theta - curly or open theta
• &iota ; --- small iota, Greek
• &kappa ; --- small kappa, Greek
• &kappav ; --- var kappa
• &lambda ; --- small lambda, Greek
• &Lambda ; --- capital Lambda, Greek
• &mu ; --- small mu, Greek
• &nu ; --- small nu, Greek
• &xi ; --- small xi, Greek
• &Xi ; --- capital Xi, Greek
• &pi ; --- small pi, Greek
• &piv ; --- varpi
• &Pi ; --- capital Pi, Greek
• &rho ; --- small rho, Greek
• &rhov ; --- var rho
• &sigma ; --- small sigma, Greek
• &Sigma ; --- capital Sigma, Greek
• &sigmav ; --- var sigma
• &tau ; --- small tau, Greek
• &upsi ; --- small upsilon, Greek
• &Upsi ; --- capital Upsilon, Greek
• &phis ; --- straight phi
• &Phi ; --- capital Phi, Greek
• &phiv ; --- var phi - curly or open phi
• &chi ; --- small chi, Greek
• &psi ; --- small psi, Greek
• &Psi ; --- capital Psi, Greek
• &omega ; --- small omega, Greek
• &Omega ; --- capital Omega, Greek

• &b.alpha ; --- small alpha, Greek
• &b.beta ; --- small beta, Greek
• &b.gamma ; --- small gamma, Greek
• &b.Gamma ; --- capital Gamma, Greek
• &b.gammad; --- digamma
• &b.delta ; --- small delta, Greek
• &b.Delta ; --- capital Delta, Greek
• &b.epsi ; --- small epsilon, Greek
• &b.epsiv ; --- var epsilon
• &b.epsis ; --- straight epsilon
• &b.zeta ; --- small zeta, Greek
• &b.eta ; --- small eta, Greek
• &b.thetas; --- straight theta
• &b.Theta ; --- capital Theta, Greek
• &b.thetav; --- var theta - curly or open theta
• &b.iota ; --- small iota, Greek
• &b.kappa ; --- small kappa, Greek
• &b.kappav; --- var kappa
• &b.lambda; --- small lambda, Greek
• &b.Lambda; --- capital Lambda, Greek
• &b.mu ; --- small mu, Greek
• &b.nu ; --- small nu, Greek
• &b.xi ; --- small xi, Greek
• &b.Xi ; --- capital Xi, Greek
• &b.pi ; --- small pi, Greek
• &b.Pi ; --- capital Pi, Greek
• &b.piv ; --- var pi
• &b.rho ; --- small rho, Greek
• &b.rhov ; --- var rho
• &b.sigma ; --- small sigma, Greek
• &b.Sigma ; --- capital Sigma, Greek
• &b.sigmav; --- var sigma
• &b.tau ; --- small tau, Greek
• &b.upsi ; --- small upsilon, Greek
• &b.Upsi ; --- capital Upsilon, Greek
• &b.phis ; --- straight phi
• &b.Phi ; --- capital Phi, Greek
• &b.phiv ; --- var phi - curly or open phi
• &b.chi ; --- small chi, Greek
• &b.psi ; --- small psi, Greek
• &b.Psi ; --- capital Psi, Greek
• &b.omega ; --- small omega, Greek
• &b.Omega ; --- capital Omega, Greek

• &acy ; --- small a, Cyrillic
• &Acy ; --- capital A, Cyrillic
• &bcy ; --- small be, Cyrillic
• &Bcy ; --- capital BE, Cyrillic
• &vcy ; --- small ve, Cyrillic
• &Vcy ; --- capital VE, Cyrillic
• &gcy ; --- small ghe, Cyrillic
• &Gcy ; --- capital GHE, Cyrillic
• &dcy ; --- small de, Cyrillic
• &Dcy ; --- capital DE, Cyrillic
• &iecy ; --- small ie, Cyrillic
• &IEcy ; --- capital IE, Cyrillic
• &iocy ; --- small io, Russian
• &IOcy ; --- capital IO, Russian
• &zhcy ; --- small zhe, Cyrillic
• &ZHcy ; --- capital ZHE, Cyrillic
• &zcy ; --- small ze, Cyrillic
• &Zcy ; --- capital ZE, Cyrillic
• &icy ; --- small i, Cyrillic
• &Icy ; --- capital I, Cyrillic
• &jcy ; --- small short i, Cyrillic
• &Jcy ; --- capital short I, Cyrillic
• &kcy ; --- small ka, Cyrillic
• &Kcy ; --- capital KA, Cyrillic
• &lcy ; --- small el, Cyrillic
• &Lcy ; --- capital EL, Cyrillic
• &mcy ; --- small em, Cyrillic
• &Mcy ; --- capital EM, Cyrillic
• &ncy ; --- small en, Cyrillic
• &Ncy ; --- capital EN, Cyrillic
• &ocy ; --- small o, Cyrillic
• &Ocy ; --- capital O, Cyrillic
• &pcy ; --- small pe, Cyrillic
• &Pcy ; --- capital PE, Cyrillic
• &rcy ; --- small er, Cyrillic
• &Rcy ; --- capital ER, Cyrillic
• &scy ; --- small es, Cyrillic
• &Scy ; --- capital ES, Cyrillic
• &tcy ; --- small te, Cyrillic
• &Tcy ; --- capital TE, Cyrillic
• &ucy ; --- small u, Cyrillic
• &Ucy ; --- capital U, Cyrillic
• &fcy ; --- small ef, Cyrillic
• &Fcy ; --- capital EF, Cyrillic
• &khcy ; --- small ha, Cyrillic
• &KHcy ; --- capital HA, Cyrillic
• &tscy ; --- small tse, Cyrillic
• &TScy ; --- capital TSE, Cyrillic
• &chcy ; --- small che, Cyrillic
• &CHcy ; --- capital CHE, Cyrillic
• &shcy ; --- small sha, Cyrillic
• &SHcy ; --- capital SHA, Cyrillic
• щ --- small shcha, Cyrillic
• Щ --- capital SHCHA, Cyrillic
• ъ --- small hard sign, Cyrillic
• Ъ --- capital HARD sign, Cyrillic
• &ycy ; --- small yeru, Cyrillic
• &Ycy ; --- capital YERU, Cyrillic
• ь --- small soft sign, Cyrillic
• Ь --- capital SOFT sign, Cyrillic
• &ecy ; --- small e, Cyrillic
• &Ecy ; --- capital E, Cyrillic
• &yucy ; --- small yu, Cyrillic
• &YUcy ; --- capital YU, Cyrillic
• &yacy ; --- small ya, Cyrillic
• &YAcy ; --- capital YA, Cyrillic
• № --- numero sign

• &djcy ; --- small dje, Serbian
• &DJcy ; --- capital DJE, Serbian
• &gjcy ; --- small gje, Macedonian
• &GJcy ; --- capital GJE Macedonian
• &jukcy ; --- small je, Ukrainian
• &Jukcy ; --- capital JE, Ukrainian
• &dscy ; --- small dse, Macedonian
• &DScy ; --- capital DSE, Macedonian
• &iukcy ; --- small i, Ukrainian
• &Iukcy ; --- capital I, Ukrainian
• &yicy ; --- small yi, Ukrainian
• &YIcy ; --- capital YI, Ukrainian
• ј --- small je, Serbian
• Ј --- capital JE, Serbian
• &ljcy ; --- small lje, Serbian
• &LJcy ; --- capital LJE, Serbian
• &njcy ; --- small nje, Serbian
• &NJcy ; --- capital NJE, Serbian
• &tshcy ; --- small tshe, Serbian
• &TSHcy ; --- capital TSHE, Serbian
• &kjcy ; --- small kje Macedonian
• &KJcy ; --- capital KJE, Macedonian
• &ubrcy ; --- small u, Byelorussian
• &Ubrcy ; --- capital U, Byelorussian
• &dzcy ; --- small dze, Serbian
• &DZcy ; --- capital dze, Serbian

• &half ; --- fraction one-half
• ½ --- fraction one-half
• ¼ --- fraction one-quarter
• ¾ --- fraction three-quarters
• ⅛ --- fraction one-eighth
• ⅜ --- fraction three-eighths
• ⅝ --- fraction five-eighths
• ⅞ --- fraction seven-eighths
• &sup1 ; --- superscript one
• &sup2 ; --- superscript two
• &sup3 ; --- superscript three
• &plus ; --- plus sign
• ± --- plus-or-minus sign
• &lt ; --- less-than sign
• = --- equals sign
• &gt ; --- greater-than sign
• ÷ --- divide sign
• &times ; --- multiply sign
• ¤ --- general currency sign
• &pound ; --- pound sign
• $ --- dollar sign
• &cent ; --- cent sign
• &yen ; --- yen sign
• &num ; --- number sign
• % --- percent sign
• &amp ; --- ampersand
• &ast ; --- asterisk
• @ --- commercial at
• &lsqb ; --- left square bracket
• &bsol ; --- reverse solidus
• &rsqb ; --- right square bracket
• &lcub ; --- left curly bracket
• ― --- horizontal bar
• | --- vertical bar
• &rcub ; --- right curly bracket
• &micro ; --- micro sign
• &ohm ; --- ohm sign
• &deg ; --- degree sign
• &ordm ; --- ordinal indicator, masculine
• &ordf ; --- ordinal indicator, feminine
• &sect ; --- section sign
• &para ; --- paragraph sign
• · --- middle dot
• &larr ; --- leftward arrow
• &rarr ; --- rightward arrow
• &uarr ; --- upward arrow
• &darr ; --- downward arrow
• &copy ; --- copyright sign
• &reg ; --- registered sign
• &trade ; --- trade mark sign
• ¦ --- broken (vertical) bar
• &not ; --- not sign
• &sung ; --- music note (sung text sign)
• &excl ; --- exclamation mark
• &iexcl ; --- inverted exclamation mark
• &quot ; --- quotation mark
• &apos ; --- apostrophe
• &lpar ; --- left parenthesis
• &rpar ; --- right parenthesis
• &comma ; --- comma
• _ --- low line
• ‐ --- hyphen
• . --- full stop, period
• &sol ; --- solidus
• &colon ; --- colon
• &semi ; --- semicolon
• &quest ; --- question mark
• ¿ --- inverted question mark
• &laquo ; --- angle quotation mark, left
• &raquo ; --- angle quotation mark, right
• &lsquo ; --- single quotation mark, left
• &rsquo ; --- single quotation mark, right
• &ldquo ; --- double quotation mark, left
• &rdquo ; --- double quotation mark, right
• &nbsp ; --- no break (required) space
• &shy ; --- soft hyphen

• &emsp ; --- em space
• &ensp ; --- en space (1/2-em)
•   --- 1/3-em space
•   --- 1/4-em space
• &numsp ; --- digit space (width of a number)
•   --- punctuation space (width of comma)
•   --- thin space (1/6-em)
•   --- hair space
• &mdash ; --- em dash
• &ndash ; --- en dash
• &dash ; --- hyphen (true graphic)
• &blank ; --- significant blank symbol
• … --- ellipsis (horizontal)
• &nldr ; --- double baseline dot (en leader)
• ⅓ --- fraction one-third
• ⅔ --- fraction two-thirds
• ⅕ --- fraction one-fifth
• ⅖ --- fraction two-fifths
• ⅗ --- fraction three-fifths
• ⅘ --- fraction four-fifths
• ⅙ --- fraction one-sixth
• ⅚ --- fraction five-sixths
• ℅ --- in-care-of symbol
• &block ; --- full block
• &uhblk ; --- upper half block
• &lhblk ; --- lower half block
• &blk14 ; --- 25% shaded block
• &blk12 ; --- 50% shaded block
• &blk34 ; --- 75% shaded block
• ▮ --- histogram marker
• &cir ; --- circle, open
• &squ ; --- square, open
• &rect ; --- rectangle, open
• &utri ; --- up triangle, open
• &dtri ; --- down triangle, open
• &star ; --- star, open
• &bull ; --- round bullet, filled
• &squf ; --- sq bullet, filled
• &utrif ; --- up triangle , filled
• &dtrif ; --- down triangle , filled
• &ltrif ; --- left triangle , filled
• &rtrif ; --- right triangle , filled
• &clubs ; --- club suit symbol
• &diams ; --- diamond suit symbol
• ♥ --- heart suit symbol
• ♠ --- spades suit symbol
• &malt ; --- maltese cross
• † --- dagger
• ‡ --- double dagger
• &check ; --- tick, check mark
• &cross ; --- ballot cross
• &sharp ; --- musical sharp
• &flat ; --- musical flat
• &male ; --- male symbol
• ♀ --- female symbol
• &phone ; --- telephone symbol
• ⌕ --- telephone recorder symbol
• ℗ --- sound recording copyright sign
• &caret ; --- caret (insertion mark)
• ‚ --- rising single quote, left (low)
• „ --- rising double quote, left (low)
• &fflig ; --- small ff ligature
• &filig ; --- small fi ligature
• &fjlig ; --- small fj ligature
• ffi --- small ffi ligature
• ffl --- small ffl ligature
• &fllig ; --- small fl ligature
• &mldr ; --- em leader
• ” --- double quote, right (high)
• ’ --- single quote, right (high)
• ⋮ --- vellipvertical ellipsis
• ⁃ --- filled hyphen bullet rectangle
• &loz ; --- lozenge or total mark
• &lozf ; --- lozenge, filled
• &ltri ; --- left triangle, open
• &rtri ; --- right triangle, open
• &starf ; --- star, filled
• &natur ; --- music natural
• &rx ; --- pharmaceutical prescription (Rx)
• &sext ; --- sextile (6-pointed star)
• ⌖ --- mark or target
• ⌍ --- left crop mark
• ⌌ --- right crop mark
• ⌏ --- left crop mark
• ⌎ --- right crop mark

• &acute ; --- acute accent
• &breve ; --- breve
• &caron ; --- caron
• &cedil ; --- cedilla
• &circ ; --- circumflex accent
• &dblac ; --- double acute accent
• &die ; --- dieresis
• &dot ; --- dot above
• &grave ; --- grave accent
• &macr ; --- macron
• &ogon ; --- ogonek
• &ring ; --- ring
• &tilde ; --- tilde
• &uml ; --- umlaut mark

• &aleph ; --- aleph, Hebrew
• &and ; --- logical and
• &ang90 ; --- right (90 degree) angle
• ∢ --- angle-spherical
• &ap ; --- approximate
• ∵ --- because
• ⊥ --- perpendicular
• &cap ; --- intersection
• &cong ; --- congruent with
• ∮ --- contour integral operator
• &cup ; --- union or logical sum
• &equiv ; --- identical with
• &exist ; --- at least one exists
• ∀ --- for all
• &fnof ; --- function of (italic small f)
• &ge ; --- greater-than-or-equal
• &iff ; --- if and only if
• &infin ; --- infinity
• &int ; --- integral operator
• &isin ; --- set membership
• &lang ; --- left angle bracket
• &lArr ; --- is implied by
• &le ; --- less-than-or-equal
• &minus ; --- minus sign
• ∓ --- minus-or-plus sign
• &nabla ; --- del, Hamilton operator
• &ne ; --- not equal
• &ni ; --- contains
• &or ; --- logical or
• &par ; --- parallel
• &part ; --- partial differential
• ‰ --- per thousand
• &perp ; --- perpendicular
• &prime ; --- prime or minute
• &Prime ; --- double prime or second
• &prop ; --- is proportional to
• &radic ; --- radical
• &rang ; --- right angle bracket
• &rArr ; --- implies
• &sim ; --- similar
• &sime ; --- similar, equals
• □ --- square
• &sub ; --- subset or is implied by
• &sube ; --- subset, equals
• &sup ; --- superset or implies
• &supe ; --- superset, equals
• ∴ --- therefore
• ‖ --- double vertical bar
• &angst ; --- Angstrom (capital A, ring)
• ℬ --- Bernoulli function (script capital B)
• ∘ --- composite function (small circle)
• &Dot ; --- dieresis or umlaut mark
• ⃜ --- four dots above
• ℋ --- Hamiltonian (script capital H)
• ℒ --- Lagrangian (script capital L)
• ∗ --- low asterisk
• &notin ; --- negated set membership
• &order ; --- order of (script small o)
• ℳ --- physics M-matrix (script capital M)
• &tdot ; --- three dots above
• ‴ --- triple prime
• ≙ --- corresponds to (wedge, equals)

Arrows

• ↶ --- left curved arrow
• ↷ --- right curved arrow
• &dArr ; --- down double arrow
• &darr2 ; --- two down arrows
• &dharl ; --- down harpoon-left
• &dharr ; --- down harpoon-right
• &lAarr ; --- left triple arrow
• &Larr ; --- two head left arrow
• &larr2 ; --- two left arrows
• ↩ --- left arrow-hooked
• ↫ --- left arrow-looped
• ↢ --- left arrow-tailed
• &lhard ; --- left harpoon-down
• &lharu ; --- left harpoon-up
• &hArr ; --- left&right double arrow
• &harr ; --- left&right arrow
• &lrarr2; --- left arrow over right arrow
• &rlarr2; --- right arrow over left arrow
• &harrw ; --- left&right arrow-wavy
• &rlhar2; --- right harp over left
• &lrhar2; --- left harp over right
• &lsh ; --- Lsh
• &map ; --- maps to
• &mumap ; --- multi map
• &nearr ; --- near pointing arrow
• &nlArr ; --- not Left arrow; not implied by
• &nlarr ; --- not left arrow
• &nhArr ; --- not left&right double arrow
• &nharr ; --- not left&right arrow
• &nrarr ; --- not right arrow
• &nrArr ; --- not implies
• &nwarr ; --- NW pointing arrow
• &olarr ; --- left arrow in circle
• &orarr ; --- right arrow in circle
• &rAarr ; --- right triple arrow
• &Rarr ; --- two head rightarrow
• &rarr2 ; --- two right arrows
• ↪ --- right arrow-hooked
• ↬ --- right arrow-looped
• ↣ --- right arrow-tailed
• &rarrw ; --- right arrow-wavy
• &rhard ; --- right harpoon-down
• &rharu ; --- right harpoon-up
• &rsh ; --- Rsh
• &drarr ; --- downward right arrow
• &dlarr ; --- downward left arrow
• &uArr ; --- up double arrow
• &uarr2 ; --- two up arrows
• &vArr ; --- up&down double arrow
• &varr ; --- up&down arrow
• &uharl ; --- up harpoon-left
• &uharr ; --- up harp-right
• &xlArr ; --- long left double arrow
• &xhArr ; --- long left&right double arrow
• &xharr ; --- long left&right arrow
• &xrArr ; --- long right double arrow

• &amalg ; --- amalgamation or coproduct
• ⌆ --- logical and, double bar
• ⌅ --- logical and, bar above
• &Cap ; --- double intersection
• &Cup ; --- double union
• &cuvee ; --- curly logical or
• &cuwed ; --- curly logical and
• &diam ; --- open diamond
• ⋇ --- division on times
• ⊺ --- intercal
• ⋋ --- left three times
• ⋉ --- times sign, left closed
• ⊟ --- minus sign in box
• &oast ; --- asterisk in circle
• &ocir ; --- open dot in circle
• &odash ; --- hyphen in circle
• &odot ; --- middle dot in circle
• ⊖ --- minus sign in circle
• &oplus ; --- plus sign in circle
• &osol ; --- solidus in circle
• ⊗ --- multiply sign in circle
• &plusb ; --- plus sign in box
• ∔ --- plus sign, dot above
• ⋌ --- right threetimes
• ⋊ --- times sign, right closed
• &sdot ; --- small middle dot
• &sdotb ; --- small dot in box
• &setmn ; --- reverse solidus
• &sqcap ; --- square intersection
• &sqcup ; --- square union
• ∖ --- small reverse solidus
• ⋆ --- small star, filled
• ⊠ --- multiply sign in box
• &top ; --- inverted perpendicular
• &uplus ; --- plus sign in union
• ≀ --- wreath product
• &xcirc ; --- large circle
• &xdtri ; --- big triangle down open
• &xutri ; --- big triangle up open
• ∐ --- coproduct operator
• &prod ; --- product operator
• &sum ; --- summation operator

• &rceil ; --- right ceiling
• ⌋ --- right floor
• ⦔ --- right paren, gt
• ⌝ --- upper right corner
• ⌟ --- downward right corner
• &lceil ; --- left ceiling
• ⌊ --- left floor
• &lpargt; --- left parenthesis, gt
• ⌜ --- upper left corner
• ⌞ --- downward left corner

• &ape ; --- approximate, equals
• &asymp ; --- asymptotically equal to
• &bcong ; --- reverse congruent
• &bepsi ; --- such that
• ⋈ --- bowtie
• &bsim ; --- reverse similar
• &bsime ; --- reverse similar, equals
• &bump ; --- bumpy equals
• &bumpe ; --- bumpy equals, equals
• &cire ; --- circle, equals
• ≔ --- colon, equals
• &cuepr ; --- curly equals, precedes
• &cuesc ; --- curly equals, succeeds
• &cupre ; --- curly precedes, equals
• &dashv ; --- dash, vertical
• &ecir ; --- circle on equals sign
• ≕ --- equals, colon
• &eDot ; --- equals, even dots
• &esdot ; --- equals, single dot above
• &efDot ; --- equals, falling dots
• &egs ; --- equal-or-greater, slanted
• &els ; --- equals-or-less, slanted
• &erDot ; --- equals, rising dots
• &fork ; --- pitch fork
• &frown ; --- down curve
• &gap ; --- greater, approximate
• &gsdot ; --- greater than, single dot
• &gE ; --- greater, double equals
• &gel ; --- greater, equals, less
• &gEl ; --- gt, double equals, less
• &ges ; --- gt-or-equal, slanted
• &Gg ; --- triple gtr-than
• &gl ; --- greater, less
• &gsim ; --- greater, similar
• &Gt ; --- double greater-than sign
• &lap ; --- less, approximate
• &ldot ; --- less than, with dot
• &lE ; --- less, double equals
• &lEg ; --- less, double equals, greater
• &leg ; --- less, equals, greater
• &les ; --- less-than-or-eq, slant
• &lg ; --- less, greater
• &Ll ; --- triple less-than
• &lsim ; --- less, similar
• &Lt ; --- double less-than sign
• &ltrie ; --- left triangle, equals
• &mid ; --- mid
• ⊧ --- models
• &pr ; --- precedes
• &prap ; --- precedes, approximate
• &pre ; --- precedes, equals
• &prsim ; --- precedes, similar
• &rtrie ; --- right triangle , equals
• &samalg; --- small amalg
• &sc ; --- succeeds
• &scap ; --- succeeds, approximate
• &sccue ; --- succeeds, curly equals
• &sce ; --- succeeds, equals
• &scsim ; --- succeeds, similar
• ⌢ --- small down curve
• &smid ; --- short mid
• &smile ; --- smile up curve
• &spar ; --- short parallel
• &sqsub ; --- square subset
• ⊑ --- square subset, equals
• &sqsup ; --- square superset
• ⊒ --- square superset, equals
• ⌣ --- small up curve
• &Sub ; --- double subset
• &subE ; --- subset, double equals
• &Sup ; --- double superset
• &supE ; --- superset, double equals
• &thkap ; --- thick approximate
• ∼ --- thick similar
• &trie ; --- triangle, equals
• &twixt ; --- between
• &vdash ; --- vertical, dash
• &Vdash ; --- double vertical, dash
• &vDash ; --- vertical, double dash
• ⊻ --- logical or, bar below
• &vltri ; --- left triangle , open, var
• &vprop ; --- proportional, variant
• &vrtri ; --- right triangle , open, var
• ⊪ --- triple vertical, dash

• &gnap ; --- greater, not approximate
• &gne ; --- greater, not equals
• &gnE ; --- greater, not double equals
• &gnsim ; --- greater, not similar
• &gvnE ; --- gt, vert, not double equals
• &lnap ; --- less, not approximate
• &lnE ; --- less, not double equals
• &lne ; --- less, not equals
• &lnsim ; --- less, not similar
• &lvnE ; --- less, vert, not double equals
• &nap ; --- not approximate
• &ncong ; --- not congruent with
• ≢ --- not identical with
• &ngE ; --- not greater, double equals
• &nge ; --- not greater-than-or-equal
• &nges ; --- not gt-or-eq, slanted
• &ngt ; --- not greater-than
• &nle ; --- not less-than-or-equal
• &nlE ; --- not less, double equals
• &nles ; --- not less-or-eq, slant
• &nlt ; --- not less-than
• &nltri ; --- not left triangle
• ⋬ --- not left tri, equals
• &nmid ; --- nmid
• &npar ; --- not parallel
• &npr ; --- not precedes
• &npre ; --- not precedes, equals
• &nrtri ; --- not right triangle
• ⋭ --- not right tri, equals
• &nsc ; --- not succeeds
• &nsce ; --- not succeeds, equals
• &nsim ; --- not similar
• &nsime ; --- not similar, equals
• &nsmid ; --- not short mid
• &nspar ; --- not short par
• &nsub ; --- not subset
• &nsube ; --- not subset, equals
• &nsubE ; --- not subset, double equals
• &nsup ; --- not superset
• &nsupE ; --- not superset, double equals
• &nsupe ; --- not superset, equals
• ⊬ --- not vertical, dash
• ⊭ --- not vertical, double dash
• ⊯ --- not double vert, double dash
• ⊮ --- not double vertical, dash
• &prnap ; --- precedes, not approx
• &prnE ; --- precedes, not double equals
• ⋨ --- precedes, not similar
• &scnap ; --- succeeds, not approx
• &scnE ; --- succeeds, not double equals
• ⋩ --- succeeds, not similar
• &subne ; --- subset, not equals
• &subnE ; --- subset, not double equals
• &supne ; --- superset, not equals
• &supnE ; --- superset, not double equals
• ⫋︀ --- subset not double equals, var
• ⊊︀ --- subset, not equals, var
• ⊋︀ --- superset, not equals, var
• ⫌︀ --- super not double equals, var

• &ang ; --- angle
• ∡ --- angle-measured
• &beth ; --- beth, Hebrew
• ‵ --- reverse prime
• &comp ; --- complement sign
• ℸ --- daleth, Hebrew
• &ell ; --- cursive small l
• &empty ; --- small o, slash
• &gimel ; --- gimel, Hebrew
• &image ; --- imaginary
• ı --- small i, no dot
• &jnodot; --- small j, no dot
• ∄ --- negated exists
• &oS ; --- capital S in circle
• ℏ --- Planck's over 2pi
• &real ; --- Re - real
• &sbsol ; --- short reverse solidus
• &vprime; --- prime, variant
• ℘ --- Weierstrass p

All names are in the form: box1234, where:
box = constants that identify a box drawing entity.
1&2 = v, V, u, U, d, D, Ud, or uD, as follows:
v = vertical line for full height.
u = upper half of vertical line.
d = downward (lower) half of vertical line.
3&4 = h, H, l, L, r, R, Lr, or lR, as follows:
h = horizontal line for full width.
left = left half of horizontal line.
right = right half of horizontal line.
In all cases, an upper-case letter means a double or heavy line.


• &boxh ; --- horizontal line
• &boxv ; --- vertical line
• &boxur ; --- upper right quadrant
• &boxul ; --- upper left quadrant
• &boxdl ; --- lower left quadrant
• &boxdr ; --- lower right quadrant
• &boxvr ; --- upper and lower right quadrants
• &boxhu ; --- upper left and right quadrants
• &boxvl ; --- upper and lower left quadrants
• &boxhd ; --- lower left and right quadrants
• &boxvh ; --- all four quadrants
• &boxvR ; --- upper and lower right quadrants
• &boxhU ; --- upper left and right quadrants
• &boxvL ; --- upper and lower left quadrants
• &boxhD ; --- lower left and right quadrants
• &boxvH ; --- all four quadrants
• &boxH ; --- horizontal line
• &boxV ; --- vertical line
• &boxUR ; --- upper right quadrant
• &boxUL ; --- upper left quadrant
• &boxDL ; --- lower left quadrant
• &boxDR ; --- lower right quadrant
• &boxVR ; --- upper and lower right quadrants
• &boxHU ; --- upper left and right quadrants
• &boxVL ; --- upper and lower left quadrants
• &boxHD ; --- lower left and right quadrants
• &boxVH ; --- all four quadrants
• &boxVr ; --- upper and lower right quadrants
• &boxHu ; --- upper left and right quadrants
• &boxVl ; --- upper and lower left quadrants
• &boxHd ; --- lower left and right quadrants
• &boxVh ; --- all four quadrants
• &boxuR ; --- upper right quadrant
• &boxUl ; --- upper left quadrant
• &boxdL ; --- lower left quadrant
• &boxDr ; --- lower right quadrant
• &boxUr ; --- upper right quadrant
• &boxuL ; --- upper left quadrant
• &boxDl ; --- lower left quadrant
• &boxdR ; --- lower right quadrant

Last Modified: September 11, 1996