A revision of ISO 639 completed late 1990 is described as supplying 3-character language codes (following MARC 3-character language codes in part), based upon the code sequence of the American National Standard (ANSI Z39.53). This draft will be circulated for worldwide review in 1991. It remains to be seen whether these new ISO 639 3-character codes qualify mnemonically for use in SGML tagging and if the set is complete. Provisionally, and as a convenience, the set of 3-character MARC language codes are supplied in this appendix. Where they are mnemonic, unique and adequately distinguish dialectical variants, it would seem permissible to use them for lang attribute values or as language tags.
MARC 3-CHARACTER LANGUAGE CODES
ach Acholi
ach Acoli (Acholi)
afa Afro-asiatic
afh Afrihili
afr Afrikaans
ajm Aljamia
akk Akkadian
akk Assyro-Babylonian (Akkadian)
alb Albanian
ale Aleut
alg Algonquian languages
alg Abnaki (Algonquian languages)
alg Fox (Algonquian languages)
alg Malecite (Algonquian languages; used "nai" before 4/84)
alg Menominee (Algonquian languages)
alg Mohegan (Alogonquian languages)
alg Passamaquoddy (Algonquian languages)
alg Penobscot (Algonquian languages)
alg Potowatomi (Algonquian languages)
amh Amharic
amh Amarinya (Amharic)
ang Anglo-Saxon (ca. 600-1100)
ang English, Old (Anglo-Saxon, ca. 600-1100)
ang Old English (Anglo-Saxon, ca. 600-1100)
apa Apache
ara Arabic
arc Aramaic
arc Chaldean (Aramaic)
arm Armenian
arn Araucanian
arp Arapaho
arw Arawak
asm Assamese
ath Athapascan languages
ath Carrier (Athapascan languages)
ath Chipewyan (Athapascan languages)
ath Dogrib (Athapascan languages)
ath Hare (Athapascan languages)
ath Kaska (Athapascan languages)
ath Kawchottine (Athapascan languages)
ath Kiowa Apache (Athapascan languages)
ath Koyukon (Athapascan languages)
ath Kutchin (Athapascan languages)
ath Montagnais (Athapascan); use Athapascan languages
ath Sarsi (Athapascan languages)
ath Sekani-Beaver (Athapascan languages)
ath Slave (Athapascan languages)
ath Tagish (Athapascan languages)
ath Tahltan (Athapascan languages)
ath Thlingchadinne (Athapascan languages)
ath Tsattine (Athapascan languages)
ath Tsilkotin (Athapascan languages)
ath Upper Umpqua (Athapascan languages)
ava Avaric
ava Avar (Avaric)
ave Avesta
ave Avestan (Avesta)
awa Awadhi
aym Aymara
aze Azerbaijani
aze Azeri (Azerbaijani)
bak Bashkir
bal Baluchi
bal Biluchi (Baluchi)
bam Bambara
bam Bamana (Bambara)
baq Basque
bat Baltic
bej Beja
bej Bedja (Beja)
bej Bishari (Beja)
bel Belorussian
bel Byelorussian (Belorussian)
bem Bemba
ben Bengali
ber Berber languages
bho Bhojpuri
bho Nagpuria (Bhojpuri)
bla Blackfoot
bla Siksika (Blackfoot)
bra Braj
bre Breton
bre Armoric (Breton)
bul Bulgarian
bur Burmese
cad Caddo
cai Central American Indian
cam Cambodian
cam Khmer (Cambodian)
car Carib
cat Catalan
cau Caucasian
chb Chibcha
che Chechen
che Tchetchen (Chechen)
chi Chinese
chn Chinook Jargon
cho Choctaw
chr Cherokee
chu Church Slavic
chu Bulgarian, Old (Church Slavic)
chu Old Bulgarian (Church Slavic)
chu Old Church Slavonic (Church Slavic)
chv Chuvash
chy Cheyenne
cop Coptic
cor Cornish
cre Cree
cre Montagnais (Cree); use Cree
cre Nascapee (Cree)
crp Creoles and Pidgins
crp Pidgin English (Creoles and Pidgins)
cus Cushitic
cze Czech
cze Bohemian (Czech)
dak Dakota
dak Assiniboin (Dakota)
dak Lakota (Dakota)
dak Santee (Dakota)
dak Sioux (Dakota)
dak Teton (Dakota)
dak Yankton (Dakota)
dan Danish
del Delaware
din Dinka
din Denca (Dinka)
doi Dogri
doi Kangri (Dogri)
doi Kongri (Dogri)
dra Dravidian
dua Duala
dum Dutch, Middle (ca. 1050-1350)
dum Middle Dutch (Dutch, Middle)
dut Dutch
dut Flemish (Dutch)
dut Netherlandic (Dutch)
efi Efik
efi Ibidio (Efik)
egy Egyptian
egy Demotic (Egyptian)
egy Hieratic (Egyptian)
egy Hieroglyphics (Egyptian)
elx Elamite
elx Anzanite (Elamite)
elx Susian (Elamite)
eng English
enm English, Middle (ca. 1100-1500)
enm Middle English (English, Middle)
esk Eskimo
esk Eskimoan (Eskimo)
esk Greenlandic (Eskimo)
esk Yupik (Eskimo)
esp Esperanto
est Estonian
eth Ethiopic
eth Ge'ez (Ethiopic)
ewe Ewe
fan Fang
fan Fan (Fang)
far Faroese
fin Finnish
fiu Finno-Ugrian
fiu Udmurt (Finno-Ugrian)
fiu Votyak (Finno-Ugrian)
fon Fon
fre French
fri Frisian
frm French, Middle (ca. 1500-1700)
frm Middle French (French, Middle ca. 1500-1700)
fro French, Old (ca. 842-1500)
fro Old French (ca. 842-1500)
gaa Ga
gae Gaelic (Scots)
gae Scots Gaelic; use Gaelic (Scots)
gal Galla
gem Germanic
gem Lallans (Germanic)
gem Lowlands Scots (Germanic)
gem Middle Scots (Germanic)
gem Old Swedish (Germanic)
gem Pennsylvania Dutch (Germanic)
gem Swedish, Old (Germanic)
geo Georgian
ger German
gmh German, Middle High (ca. 1050-1500)
gmh Middle High German (German, Middle High)
goh German, Old High (ca. 750-1050)
goh Old High German (ca. 750-1050)
gon Gondi
got Gothic
grc Greek, Ancient (to 1453)
grc Ancient Greek (Greek, Ancient)
grc Biblical Greek (Greek, Ancient)
grc Byzantine Greek (Greek, Ancient)
grc Classical Greek (Greek, Ancient)
grc Greek, Biblical (Greek, Ancient)
grc Greek, Byzantine (Greek, Ancient)
grc Greek, Classical (Greek, Ancient)
grc Greek, Hellenistic (Greek, Ancient)
grc Greek, Medieval (Greek, Ancient)
grc Greek, Patristic (Greek, Ancient)
grc Hellenistic Greek (Greek, Ancient)
grc Medieval Greek (Greek, Ancient)
grc Patristic Greek (Greek,Ancient)
gre Greek, Modern (1453- )
gua Guarani
guj Gujarati
hai Haida
hau Hausa
haw Hawaiian
heb Hebrew
heb Ancient Hebrew (Hebrew)
heb Modern Hebrew (Hebrew)
her Herero
him Himachali
hin Hindi
hun Hungarian
hun Magyar (Hungarian)
hup Hupa
ice Icelandic
ilo Ilocano
ilo Iloko (Ilocano)
inc Indic
ind Indonesian
ine Indo-European
ine Irish, Old (Indo-European)
ine Old Irish (Indo-European)
int Interlingua
ira Iranian
iri Irish
iri Erse (Irish)
iri Gaelic (Irish)
iro Iroquoian languages
iro Cayuga (Iroquoian languages)
iro Oneida (Iroquoian languages)
iro Onondaga (Iroquoian languages)
iro Seneca (Iroquoian languages)
iro Tuscarora (Iroquoian languages)
ita Italian
ita Milanese (Italian)
jav Javanese
jpn Japanese (use for related languages)
jpr Judaeo-Persian
jrb Judaeo-Arabic
kaa Karakalpak
kac Kachin
kam Kamba
kan Kannada
kan Canarese (Kannada)
kan Kanarese (Kannada)
kar Karen
kas Kashmiri
kau Kanuri
kaz Kazakh
kha Khasi ("sit" used before 4/84)
kho Khotanese
kho Saka (Khotanese)
kik Kikuyu
kin Kinyarwanda
kin Ruanda (Kinyarwanda)
kir Kirghiz
kok Konkani
kon Kongo
kon Congo (Kongo)
kor Korean (use for related lang. and dial.)
kpe Kpelle
kpe Guerze (Kpelle)
kro Kru
kru Kurukh
kur Kurdish
kut Kutenai
lad Ladino
lad Judaeo-Spanish (Ladino)
lad Sephardic (Ladino)
lah Lahnda
lah Panjabi (Western); use Lahnda
lam Lamba
lan Langue d'oc (post 1500; "pro" used before 4/84)
lan Occitan, Modern (post-1500; use Langue d'oc)
lan Provencal, Modern (post-1500) use Langue d'oc
lao Lao
lap Lapp
lat Latin
lav Latvian
lav Lettish (Latvian)
lit Lithuanian
lol Lolo (Bantu)
lol Mongo (Lolo--Bantu)
lub Luba
lug Luganda
lug Ganda (Luganda)
lui Luiseno
mac Macedonian
mag Magahi (Central, Northern or Southern)
mag Central Magahi (Magahi)
mag Northern Magahi (Magahi)
mag Southern Magahi (Magahi)
mai Maithili
mal Malayalam
man Mandingo
mao Maori
map Malayo-Polynesian
map Iai (Malayo-Polynesian)
map Chamorro (Malayo-Polynesian)
map Javanese, Old (Malayo-Polynesian)
map Kawi (Malayo-Polynesian)
map Nguna (Malayo-Polynesian)
map Old Javanese (Malayo-Polynesian)
map Tongan (Malayo-Polynesian)
mar Marathi
mas Masai
max Manx ("cel" used before 4/84)
may Malay
men Mende
mic Micmac
mis Miscellaneous
mis Ainu (miscellaneous)
mis Etruscan
mla Malagasy
mla Madagascan (Malagasy)
mlt Maltese
mno Manobo
moh Mohawk
mol Moldavian
mon Mongol
mon Mongolian (Mongol)
mos Mossi
mos Mole (Mossi)
mos More (Mossi)
mul Multilingual
mul Polyglot (Multilingual)
mus Muskogee
mus Creek (Muskogee)
mwr Marwari
myn Mayan languages
myn Chontal of Tabasco (Mayan languages)
myn Chorti (Mayan languages)
myn Jacalteca (Mayan languages)
myn Kekchi (Mayan languages)
myn Kiche (Mayan languages)
myn Lacandon Maya (Mayan languages)
myn Mopan Maya (Mayan languages)
myn Quiche (Mayan languages)
myn Tzeltal (Mayan languages)
myn Tzotzil (Mayan languages)
nah Nahuatlan
nah Aztec (Nahuatlan)
nai North American Indian
nai Beothuk (North American Indian)
nav Navajo
nep Nepali
new Newari
nic Niger-Congo
nic Akan (Niger-Congo)
nic Ashanti (Niger-Congo)
nic Bantu (Niger-Congo)
nic Nyanga (Niger-Congo; "nya" used before 4/84)
nic Sudanic Group (Niger-Congo)
nor Norwegian
nor Dano-Norwegian (Norwegian)
nor Landsmaal (Norwegian)
nor Riksmaal (Norwegian)
nso Northern Sotho
nso Sotho, Northern (Northern Sotho)
nub Nubian
nya Nyanja
nya Cewa (Nyanja)
nya Chewa (Nyanja)
nya ChiChewa (Nyanja)
nym Nyamwezi
nyo Nyoro
oji Ojibwa
oji Algonkin (Ojibwa)
oji Chippewa (Ojibwa)
oji Ottawa (Ojibwa)
oji Salteaux (Ojibwa)
ori Oriya
osa Osage
oss Ossetic
ota Ottoman Turkish
ota Osmanli (Ottoman Turkish)
oto Otomian languages
oto Chichimeca-Jonaz (Otomian languages)
oto Matlatzinca (Otomian languages)
oto Mazahua (Otomian languages)
oto Ocuiltec (Otomian languages)
oto Othomi (Otomian languages)
oto Otomi (Otomian languages)
oto Pame (Otomian languages)
paa Papuan-Australian
paa Kewa (Papuan-Australian)
pal Pahlavi
pal Middle Persian (Pahlavi)
pal Pehlevi (Pahlavi)
pal Persian, Middle (Pahlavi)
pan Panjabi
pan Punjabi (Panjabi)
peo Persian, Old (ca. 600 B.C.-400 B.C.)
peo Old Persian (Persian, Old)
per Persian, Modern
per Farsi (Persian, Modern)
pli Pali
pol Polish
por Portuguese
pra Prakrit
pro Provencal (to 1500); (before 4/84 included all Occitan)
pro Occitan, Old (to 1500; use Provencal)
pro Old Provencal (to 1500; use Provencal)
pro Provencal, Old (to 1500); use Provencal
pus Pushto
pus Pashto (Pushto)
pus Afghan (Pushto)
que Quechua
que Kechua (Quechua)
raj Rajasthani
roa Romance
roa Anglo-Norman (Romance)
roa Gallegan (Romance)
roh Romansh (Rhaeto-Romance)
roh Rhaeto-Romance
roh Ladin (Rhaeto-Romance)
roh Raeto-Romance (Rhaeto-Romance)
roh Rumansh (Rhaeto-Romance)
roh Sursilvan (Rhaeto-Romance)
rom Romany
rom Gipsy (Romany)
rom Gypsy (Romany)
rum Romanian
rum Rumanian (Romanian)
run Rundi
run Kirundi (Rundi)
rus Russian
sad Sandawe
sag Sango
sai South American Indian
sal Salishan Languages
sal Bella Coola (Salishan languages)
sal Comox (Salishan languages)
sal Halkomelem (Salishan languages)
sal Lillooet (Salishan languages)
sal Ntlakyapamuk (Salishan languages)
sal Okinagan (Salishan languages)
sal Salish (Salishan languages)
sal Seechelt (Salishan languages)
sal Shuswap (Salishan languages)
sal Squawmish (Salishan languages)
sal Straits Salish (Salishan languages)
sal Thompson (Salishan languages)
sam Samaritan Aramaic
san Sanskrit
san Vedic (Sanskrit)
scc Serbo-Croatian (Cyrillic)
scr Serbo-Croatian (Roman)
scr Croatian (Serbo-Croatian/Roman)
sel Selkup
sel Ostiak Samoyed (Selkup)
sem Semitic
shn Shan
sho Shona
sho Mashona (Shona)
sid Sidamo
sio Siouan languages
sio Biloxi (Siouan languages)
sio Chiwere (Siouan languages)
sio Crow (Siouan languages)
sio Hidatsa (Siouan languages;"nai" used before 1984)
sio Mandan (Siouan languages)
sio Ofogoula (Siouan languages)
sio Tutelo (Siouan languages)
sio Winnebago (Siouan languages)
sit Sino-Tibetan
sla Slavic
sla Old Russian (Slavic)
sla Russian, Old (Slavic)
slo Slovak
slv Slovenian
snd Sindhi
snh Sinhalese
sog Sogdian
som Somali
son Songhai
spa Spanish
spa Castilian (Spanish)
srr Serer
ssa Sub-Saharan African
ssa Bushman (Sub-Saharan African)
ssa Hottentot (Sub-Saharan African)
ssa Nandi (Sub-Saharan African)
sso Southern Sotho
sso Sotho, Southern (Southern Sotho)
sso SeSotho Group (Southern Sotho)
sso Sesuto (Southern Sotho)
sso Sotho (Southern Sotho)
suk Sukuma
sun Sundanese ("map" used before 4/84)
sus Susu
sux Sumerian
swa Swahili
swe Swedish
syr Syriac
syr Neo-Syriac (Syriac)
tag Tagalog
tag Filipino (Tagalog)
tag Pilipino (Tagalog)
taj Tajik
taj Tadzhik (Tajik)
tam Tamil
tar Tatar
tel Telugu
tem Temne
tem Timne (Temne)
ter Tereno
tha Thai
tha Siamese (Thai)
tib Tibetan
tig Tigre
tir Tigrina
tli Tlingit
tsi Tsimshian
tsw Tswana
tsw Sechuana (Tswana)
tuk Turkmen
tuk Turkoman (Turkmen)
tur Turkish
tut Turko-Tataric
twi Twi
uga Ugaritic
uig Uigur
ukr Ukrainian
ukr Ruthenian (Ukrainian)
umb Umbundu
umb Mbundu (Bengela District; Umbundu)
umb Nano (Umbundu)
und Undetermined
urd Urdu
uzb Uzbek
vie Vietnamese
vie Annamese (Vietnamese)
vot Votic
vot Vote (Votic)
vot Votian (Votic)
vot Votish (Votic)
wak Wakashan languages
wak Bella Bella (Wakashan languages)
wak Haisla (Wakashan languages)
wak Heiltsuk (Wakashan languages)
wak Kwakiutl (Wakashan languages)
wak Nitinat (Wakashan languages)
wak Nootka (Wakashan languages)
wal Walamo
was Washo
wel Welsh
wen Wendic
wen Sorbian languages (Wendic)
wen Sorbic (Wendic)
wen Wendish (Wendic)
wol Wolof
xho Xhosa
xho Isi-Xosa (Xhosa)
xho Kafir (Xhosa)
xho Xosa (Xhosa)
yao Yao (Bantu)
yid Yiddish
yid Judaeo-German (Yiddish)
yor Yoruba
zap Zapotec
zen Zenaga
zul Zulu
zun Zuni