From: http://www.ietf.org/internet-drafts/draft-tychon-eman-applicability-statement-00.txt Title: Energy Management (EMAN) Applicability Statement Reference: draft-tychon-eman-applicability-statement-00.txt Date: October 15, 2010 Data Tracker: https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/draft-tychon-eman-applicability-statement/ Tracker Listing: http://ietfreport.isoc.org/idref/draft-tychon-eman-applicability-statement/ Tools: http://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-tychon-eman-applicability-statement-00 (HTML) Announced: http://www.ietf.org/mail-archive/web/i-d-announce/current/msg33681.html See also: IETF Energy Management (EMAN) Working Group http://datatracker.ietf.org/wg/eman/charter/ EMAN Working Group Status Pages http://tools.ietf.org/wg/eman/ EMAN Working Group Discussion List Archives https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/eman IETF Energy Management (EMAN) Working Group Proposal http://xml.coverpages.org/newsletter/news2010-09-15.html#cite4 =============================================================================== Energy Management Working Group E. Tychon Internet Draft M. Laherty Intended status: Informational B. Schoening Expires: April 15, 2011 Cisco Systems, Inc. October 15, 2010 Energy Management (EMAN) Applicability Statement draft-tychon-eman-applicability-statement-00.txt Status of this Memo This Internet-Draft is submitted in full conformance with the provisions of BCP 78 and BCP 79. This Internet-Draft is submitted in full conformance with the provisions of BCP 78 and BCP 79. This document may not be modified, and derivative works of it may not be created, and it may not be published except as an Internet-Draft. This Internet-Draft is submitted in full conformance with the provisions of BCP 78 and BCP 79. This document may not be modified, and derivative works of it may not be created, except to publish it as an RFC and to translate it into languages other than English. Internet-Drafts are working documents of the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF), its areas, and its working groups. Note that other groups may also distribute working documents as Internet- Drafts. Internet-Drafts are draft documents valid for a maximum of six months and may be updated, replaced, or obsoleted by other documents at any time. It is inappropriate to use Internet-Drafts as reference material or to cite them other than as "work in progress." The list of current Internet-Drafts can be accessed at http://www.ietf.org/ietf/1id-abstracts.txt The list of Internet-Draft Shadow Directories can be accessed at http://www.ietf.org/shadow.html This Internet-Draft will expire on April 15, 2011. Expires April 15, 2011 [Page 1] Internet-Draft EMAN Applicability Statement October 2010 Copyright Notice Copyright (c) 2010 IETF Trust and the persons identified as the document authors. All rights reserved. This document is subject to BCP 78 and the IETF Trust's Legal Provisions Relating to IETF Documents (http://trustee.ietf.org/license-info) in effect on the date of publication of this document. Please review these documents carefully, as they describe your rights and restrictions with respect to this document. Code Components extracted from this document must include Simplified BSD License text as described in Section 4.e of the Trust Legal Provisions and are provided without warranty as described in the Simplified BSD License. Abstract The Energy Management (EMAN) framework will work on the management of energy-aware devices. In this document we describe the applicability of the EMAN framework for a variety of applications. We show how network elements and applications can use EMAN, describe the relevant information elements (IEs) for those applications and present opportunities and limitations. We furthermore describe relations of the EMAN framework to other architectures and frameworks. Table of Contents 1. Introduction...................................................3 1.1. Energy Measurement........................................3 1.2. Energy Control............................................4 1.3. Examples..................................................4 1.3.1. Building Networks....................................4 1.3.2. Home Energy Gateways.................................4 1.3.3. Datacenters..........................................5 1.3.4. Smart Power Strips...................................5 2. Relation of EMAN to Other Frameworks and Technologies..........5 2.1. IEC.......................................................6 2.2. ISO.......................................................6 2.3. ANSI C12..................................................8 2.4. EnergyStar US EPA.........................................8 2.5. DMTF......................................................8 2.5.1. Desktop And Mobile Architecture for System Hardware (DASH)......................................................9 2.6. SmartGrid................................................10 Expires April 15, 2011 [Page 2] Internet-Draft EMAN Applicability Statement October 2010 2.7. NAESB, ASHRAE and NEMA...................................11 2.8. ZigBee...................................................12 3. Limitations...................................................12 4. Security Considerations.......................................13 4.1. SmartGrid................................................13 4.2. Cisco EnergyWise.........................................13 5. IANA Considerations...........................................13 6. References....................................................14 6.1. Normative References.....................................14 6.2. Informative References...................................14 7. Acknowledgments...............................................14 1. Introduction The EMAN framework defines how Energy information can be retrieved, controlled and monitored from IP-enabled consumers. EMAN is to be need as a generic method of accessing this information, as traditional methods such as SNMP have proved not be sufficient. In this document, we describe typical applications of the EMAN framework, we will show opportunities and limitations of the framework. Furthermore, we describe other standards that are close to EMAN but addresses different needs or users. Applications of EMAN EMAN will enable heterogeneous energy consumers to report their own consumption, and will enable external system to control them. There are multiple scenarios where this is desirable, particularly today considering the increased importance of limiting our own carbon footprint and reducing operational expenses. 1.1. Energy Measurement Over time, more and more devices will be able to report their own energy consumption. Smart power strips and some Power-over-Ethernet switches are already able to consumption of the connected devices (proxies). Unfortunately, alone, this information is not really useful and will be better leveraged on a global system where the global power can be metered properly, in real time. One aspect of EMAN is to enable this reporting by providing a standard framework applicable to various devices, consumers or proxy devices. Being able to know who's consuming what, when and how at any time by leveraging existing networks, and across various equipment is one pillar of the EMAN framework. Expires April 15, 2011 [Page 3] Internet-Draft EMAN Applicability Statement October 2010 1.2. Energy Control There are many cases where reducing energy consumption is desirable, such as when the demand is already high, when there's no one using the resource, and so on. In some cases, you can't simply turn it off. For instance you cannot turn off all phones, because some still need to be available in case of emergency. You can't turn cooling off totally, but you can reduce the comfort level, and so on. In other cases, there are intermediate power levels between off and on, such as standby, sleep or deep sleep mode. The EMAN framework will provide a control mechanism that is generic for all devices, power states, and allows for fine-grained priority control, and emergency function. 1.3. Examples 1.3.1. Building Networks Buildings are big energy consumers, and companies are looking into ways to reduce their energy consumption, as well as to react positively in case of emergency, such as a risk of blackout. The EMAN framework will enable building owners to control their own consumption and, unlike a meter, to break it down to who's consuming what and when. Laptops, air conditioning, phone, desktops, lighting and so on will all be metered and controlled using the EMAN framework. EMAN can, for instance, act as a communication protocol between a presence system to deactivate the cooling and phones when there's no one on the floor. 1.3.2. Home Energy Gateways Home Energy Gateways are devices with remote metering capabilities, and will let service providers and utility companies respond to demand by varying pricing according to time of usage. Within a home network, it is desirable to schedule tasks that can wait to a later time, provided it will be cheaper. For instance, it really does not matter when the dishwasher runs as long as it is done for the next day at the cheapest price. Expires April 15, 2011 [Page 4] Internet-Draft EMAN Applicability Statement October 2010 Using the EMAN framework, the HEG will know that some appliances are waiting to be activated and based on pricing or other indicators may take the decision to trigger those appliances. 1.3.3. Datacenters Datacenters too are big energy consumers. All that equipment generates heat, and heat needs to be evacuated though a HVAC system. Reducing the datacenter consumption means slowing down or turning off equipment and cooling. Most organizations will target datacenter initially because the problem is centralized logically and physically, and a lot of money is involved in such projects. Some don't because datacenters are usually operated 24/7 and mission-critical. A data center spend 50% of its energy on cooling, 37% on IT infrastructure, 10% on electrical conversion loss, and 3% on lighting. [PARELLO] Within the IT infrastructure, energy consumption breakdown for datacenter is 45% for computing, 40% for storage and 15% for networking. [PARELLO] The EMAN framework will enable that level of control by providing a unified means of communication between heterogeneous devices over a network. 1.3.4. Smart Power Strips Smart Power Strips are power strips with communication capability to remotely enable / disable a particular plug, and sometimes to measure power consumption. Those strips are currently supporting either their own proprietary protocol, or at best SNMP, but EMAN will provide a framework that has been specifically designed for this purpose. 2. Relation of EMAN to Other Frameworks and Technologies EMAN as a framework is tied with other standards and efforts in the area. We will try to re-use existing standards as much as possible, as well as providing control to adjacent technologies such as Smart Grid. Expires April 15, 2011 [Page 5] Internet-Draft EMAN Applicability Statement October 2010 We have listed most of them with a brief description of what is their objective and the current state. 2.1. IEC The International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) has available a broad set of standards for power management. Among these, the most applicable to our purposes is IEC 61850, a standard for the design of electrical substation automation. The abstract data model defined in 61850 is built upon and extends the Common Information Model (CIM). The complete 61850 CIM model includes over hundred object classes and is widely used by utilities in the US and worldwide IEC TC57 WG19 is an ongoing working group to harmonize the CIM data model and 61850 standards. This set of standards is oriented to the substation. An electrical substation is a subsidiary station of an electricity generation, transmission and distribution system where voltage is transformed from high to low or the reverse using transformers. While the domain of 61850 is substation automation, the extensive model that resulted has been widely used in other areas, including Energy Management Systems (EMS) and forms the core of many Smart Grid standards. 2.2. ISO The ISO is developing an Energy Management framework called ISO 50001. The intent of the framework is to facilitate the creation of energy management programs for industrial, commercial and other entities. The standard defines a process for energy management at a an organization level. It is not expected to define the way in which devices report energy and consume energy. The IETF effort would be complementary. "The future ISO 50001 standard for energy management was recently approved as a Draft International Standard (DIS). ISO 50001 will establish a framework for industrial plants, commercial facilities or entire organizations to manage energy. Targeting broad applicability across national economic sectors, it is estimated that the standard could influence up to 60% of the world's energy use. Expires April 15, 2011 [Page 6] Internet-Draft EMAN Applicability Statement October 2010 The document is based on the common elements found in all of ISO's management system standards, assuring a high level of compatibility with ISO 9001 (quality management) and ISO 14001 (environmental management). ISO 50001 will provide the following benefits: - A framework for integrating energy efficiency into management practices - Making better use of existing energy-consuming assets - Benchmarking, measuring, documenting, and reporting energy intensity improvements and their projected impact on reductions in greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions - Transparency and communication on the management of energy resources - Energy management best practices and good energy management behaviors - Evaluating and prioritizing the implementation of new energy- efficient technologies - A framework for promoting energy efficiency throughout the supply chain - Energy management improvements in the context of GHG emission reduction projects. ISO 50001 is being developed by ISO project committee ISO/PC 242, Energy management. The secretariat of ISO/PC 242 is provided by the partnership of the ISO members for the USA (ANSI) and Brazil (ABNT). Forty-two ISO member countries are participating in its development, with another 10 as observers. Now that ISO 50001 has advanced to the DIS stage, national member bodies of ISO have been invited to vote and comment on the text of the standard during the five-month balloting period. If the outcome of the DIS voting is positive, the modified document will then be circulated to the ISO members as a Final Draft International Standard (FDIS). If that vote is positive, ISO 50001 is expected to be published as an International Standard by early 2011." http://www.iso.org/iso/pressrelease.htm?refid=Ref1337 Expires April 15, 2011 [Page 7] Internet-Draft EMAN Applicability Statement October 2010 2.3. ANSI C12 The American National Standards Institute (ANSI) has defined a collection of power meter standards under ANSI C12. The primary standards include communication protocols (C12.18, 21 and 22), data and schema definitions (C12.19), measurement accuracy (C12.20). European equivalent standards are provided by the IEC. ANSI C12.20 defines accuracy classes for watt-hour meters. Typical accuracy classes are class 0.5, class 1, and class 3; which correspond to +/- 0.5%, +/- 1% and +/- 3% accuracy thresholds. All of these standards are targeted toward the meter itself, and are therefore very specific and oriented toward electricity distributors and producers. 2.4. EnergyStar US EPA The US Environmental Protection Agency and US Department of Energy jointly sponsor the Energy Star program. The program promotes the development of energy efficient products and practices. Energy Star approved appliances in the home or business must meet specific energy efficiency targets set by the EPA and US Department of Energy. The Energy Star program also provides planning tools and technical documentation to help homeowners design more energy efficient homes. Energy Star is a program; it's not a protocol or standard. For businesses and data centers, Energy Star offers technical support to help companies establish energy conservation practices. Energy Star provides best practices for measuring current energy performance, goal setting, and tracking improvement. The Energy Star tools offered include a rating system for building performance. The rating system can be used for benchmarking against other buildings. http://www.energystar.gov/index.cfm?c=about.ab_history 2.5. DMTF The DMTF continues to develop and enhance its standardized management solutions that include full power-state configuration and management of any heterogeneous managed environment. Expires April 15, 2011 [Page 8] Internet-Draft EMAN Applicability Statement October 2010 Currently there are two primary specifications that would address or benefit EMAN-like behavior, they are listed below. Both specifications are fully extensible to meet any existing physical, logical or virtual system management requirements specific to power- state control. Through various Working Group efforts these specifications continue to evolve and advance in features and functionalities. Both specifications can be found at the DMTF web site: http://www.dmtf.org The DMTF uses CIM-based (Common Information Model)'Profiles' that extend the management capabilities of referencing profiles and managers to represent and manage power utilization and configuration of any managed element. The key 'Profile' is titled and labeled 'Power Utilization Management Profile' DSP 1085. The Profile defines via configuration of the Power Managed Element power utilization modes, capping values and levels, among other features. Included in the Profile is the power management service that represents the behavior of the power utilization management modes and related classes of a Power Managed Element. Systems that support power management modes are capable of operating at, and being controlled at, different rates of power consumption. This management profile allows full span of control for this behavior. Power capping functions of any managed element is also included behavior and is part of the active management capabilities that is based on dynamic and static configuration features for system operation. 2.5.1. Desktop And Mobile Architecture for System Hardware (DASH) The DMTF has addressed the challenges of managing heterogeneous desktop and mobile systems (including power) via in-band and out-of- band environments. The DMTF has produced the DASH (Desktop and Mobile Architecture for System Hardware) specifications as a solution. Based on the DMTF's WS-Management and CIM (Common Information Model) the solution provides for a standardized and comprehensive framework Expires April 15, 2011 [Page 9] Internet-Draft EMAN Applicability Statement October 2010 that delivers the syntax and semantics necessary to manage and control (among other things) configuration and consumption of managed elements like power, CPU etc. Through the use of the common syntax and semantics the creation of an API / Interface set is realized. The DASH specification is DSP0232. Both in service and out-of-service systems can be managed with the DASH specification in a fully secured remote environment. Full power-state management is afforded by DASH including full 'remote control' of the state of any managed device through a full power lifecycle. 2.6. SmartGrid The Smart Grid standards efforts underway in the United States are overseen by the US National Institute of Standards and Technology [NIST]. NIST was given the charter to oversee the development of smart grid related standards by the Energy Independence and Security Act of 2007. NIST is responsible for coordinating a public-private partnership with key energy and consumer stakeholders in order to facilitate the development of smart grid standards. The smart grid standards activity (sponsored and hosted by NIST) is monitored and facilitated by the SGIP (Smart Grid Interoperability Panel). This group has several sub groups called working groups. These teams examine smaller parts of the smart grid. They include B2G, I2G, and H2G and others (Building to Grid; Industrial to Grid and Home to Grid). http://collaborate.nist.gov/twiki- sggrid/bin/view/SmartGrid/SGIPWorkingGroupsAndCommittees When a working group detects a standard or technology gap, the team seeks approval from the SGIP for the creation of a Priority Action Plan (PAP). The PAP is a private-public partnership with a charter to close a specific gap. There are currently 17 Priority Action Plans (PAP). PAP 10 Addresses "Standard Energy Usage Information". According to the PAP website, "Customers will benefit from standardized energy usage information that enables them to make better decisions and take other actions consistent with the goals of Expires April 15, 2011 [Page 10] Internet-Draft EMAN Applicability Statement October 2010 Sections 1301 and 1305 of EISA. An understanding of energy usage informs better decisions about energy use and conservation, and is the basis for performance feedback on the operation of customer owned energy management systems and understanding device energy usage and management. Some states have already mandated customer access to meter-based usage information. As part of this action plan a limited set of requirements are driving a specification. Subsequent work will drive a standardized information model for broader exchange of usage information. This model for cross-domain interaction needs the characteristics of integration models as described elsewhere in this document." 2.7. NAESB, ASHRAE and NEMA As an output of the PAP10's work on the standard information model, multiple stakeholders agreed to work on a utility centric model in NAESB (North American Electric Standards Board) and the building side information model in a joint effort by American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers (ASHRAE) and National Electrical Manufacturers Association (NEMA). The NAESB effort is a NAESB REQ/WEQ. http://www.naesb.org/smart_grid_PAP10.asp The ASHRAE effort is SPC201. http://collaborate.nist.gov/twiki- sggrid/bin/view/SmartGrid/PAP17Information The output of both ANSI approved SDO's is an information model. It is not a device level monitoring protocol. After the ASHRAE SPC201 group formed as a result of initial work done by the PAP 10, the SGIP added PAP17 in order to focus specifically on in-building standards for energy using devices. PAP 17 "will lead to development of a data model standard to enable energy consuming devices and control systems in the customer premises to manage electrical loads and generation sources in response to communication with the Smart Grid. It will be possible to communicate information about those electrical loads to utilities, other electrical service providers, and market operators. The term "Facility Smart Grid Information" is intended to convey the nature of critical information originating from the customer Expires April 15, 2011 [Page 11] Internet-Draft EMAN Applicability Statement October 2010 operated "facility" which deals with the representation and dynamics of loads including prediction, measurement and shedding. It also helps to distinguish between this PAP and that of PAP10 which deals exclusively with the representation of energy usage. This data model standard will complement the flow, aggregation, summary, and forecasting of energy usage information being standardized by NAESB in PAP10 through the definition of additional distinct model components. While the NAESB standard is focusing on "a single limited-scope information model" that "will not cover all interactions associated with energy in the home or commercial space" including, for example, load management ("Report to the SGIP Governing Board: PAP10 plan," June 15, 2010), these new components will address load modeling and behavior necessary to manage on-site generation, demand response, electrical storage, peak demand management, load shedding capability estimation, and responsive energy load control." http://collaborate.nist.gov/twiki- sggrid/bin/view/SmartGrid/PAP17FacilitySmartGridInformationStandard 2.8. ZigBee The "Zigbee Smart Energy 2.0 effort" currently focuses on wireless communication to smart home appliances. It is intended to enable home energy management and direct load control by utilities. ZigBee protocols are intended for use in embedded applications requiring low data rates and low power consumption. ZigBee's current focus is to define a general-purpose, inexpensive, self-organizing mesh network that can be used for industrial control, embedded sensing, medical data collection, smoke and intruder warning, building automation, home automation, etc. It is not known if the Zigbee Alliance plans to extend support of SEP 2.0 to business class devices. There also does not appear to be a plan for context aware marking. Zigbee is currently not an ANSI recognized SDO-but they are working toward formal recognition. 3. Limitations EMAN will address the needs of the network operators both in term of measurement and control over IP networks. Other protocols may Expires April 15, 2011 [Page 12] Internet-Draft EMAN Applicability Statement October 2010 already exists (ModBus), but are not designed initially to work on IP, even if in some cases it is possible to transport them over IP with some limitations. The EMAN framework does not aim to address questions regarding Smartgrid, Electricity producers, distributors even if there is obvious link between them. 4. Security Considerations The whole context of energy management has brought a lot of attention from the security experts, particularly since SmartGrid is often depicted as a big security risk. To a more limited extent, the EMAN framework may suffer the same security risk, more specifically when the notion of "control" is being used. No one wants to jeopardize the service's stability by letting hacker shut down critical equipment. Multiple mechanisms and solutions can be envisioned, and this is what others have been doing in this area: 4.1. SmartGrid Even if discussing SmartGrid security is not the scope of this document, NIST has found at least five standards that are directly related to smart grid security. That includes standards from NERC, IEEE, AMI System Security Requirements, UtilityAMI Home Area Network System Requirements and IEC standards. The SmartGrid security issue is more difficult being actually an open network, spawning entire territories and devices from smart meters, secondary and primary sub stations, etc... EDITOR'S NODE: TO BE EXPANDED 4.2. Cisco EnergyWise EnergyWise security uses secret shared secret in a layer fashion. Devices within a layer share the same password, and devices talking to upper / lower layers also know the password. The password can be made more resistant against replay and man-in-the-middle attacks by incorporating a time-of-day component as part of it. 5. IANA Considerations This memo includes no request to IANA. Expires April 15, 2011 [Page 13] Internet-Draft EMAN Applicability Statement October 2010 6. References 6.1. Normative References 6.2. Informative References [PARELLO] IP-Enabled Energy Management: A Proven Strategy for Administering Energy as a Service. Rob Aldrich, John Parello. ISBN: 978-0-470-60725-1. October 2010. [NIST] http://www.nist.gov/smartgrid/ 7. Acknowledgments This document was prepared using 2-Word-v2.0.template.dot. The authors would like to thank Jeff Wheeler for its contribution to the DMTF section. Copyright (c) 2010 IETF Trust and the persons identified as authors of the code. All rights reserved. Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without modification, is permitted pursuant to, and subject to the license terms contained in, the Simplified BSD License set forth in Section 4.c of the IETF Trust's Legal Provisions Relating to IETF Documents (http://trustee.ietf.org/license-info). Authors' Addresses Emmanuel Tychon Cisco Systems, Inc. De Keleetlaan, 6A B1831 Diegem Belgium Email: etychon@cisco.com Expires April 15, 2011 [Page 14] Internet-Draft EMAN Applicability Statement October 2010 Matthew Laherty Cisco Systems, Inc. Email: mlaherty@cisco.com Brad Schoening Cisco Systems, Inc. 44 Rivers Edge Drive Little Silver, NJ 07739 USA Email: braschoe@cisco.com Expires April 15, 2011 [Page 15]