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11 |
Environmental Characteristics |
11.1 |
Mechanical properties |
11.1.1 | Static strength |
11.1.1.1 | Torsional strength |
Torsional strength is tested, for example, for infrared emitters, for detachable radio front plates and for keys. The test simulates a single maximum torsional stress. The test is defined either by a maximum torque or by a maximum angle.
Figure 65: Structure of torsional strength
Example for content: |
11.1.1.2 | Compression and tensile strength |
The compression and tensile strength defines the maximum compression or tensile load for the device under test (DUT). The test is defined either by a maximum power or by a maximum displacement. DUTs can be, for example, switches or steering levers.
Figure 66: Structure of compression and tensile
strength
Example for content: |
11.1.1.3 | Additional tests |
Further tests can be described here.
Figure 67: Structure of additional tests
11.1.2 | Dynamic strength |
11.1.2.1 | Vibration |
Basis: [Standard: Environmental Testings Part 2: Testing;Test Fc; Vibration Sine / Relevant Position: all]
The test shall simulate the fatigue load of the DUT in X-, Y- and Z-axes. In general, the test is carried out in vehicle mounting position with the provided fixing elements.
Currently, different forms of description are used:
1. | The controlled variable is the displacement amplitude Specification of frequency range, sweep rate and vibration amplitude (in [mm], fixed over the entire frequency range; acceleration in [g], is then a function of these parameters). |
2. | The controlled variable is the velocity amplitude |
3. | The controlled variable is the acceleration amplitude Specification of frequency range, sweep rate and acceleration value. The vibration amplitude (in [mm]) is then a function of these parameters. Thus, selective vehicle-specific critical frequencies can be tested (not possible with 1). |
4. | Mixed controlled variables The frequency range is divided into intervals. For each interval, the controlled variable can be defined according to 1., 2. or 3. |
Example for content: |
Type of vibration:
Sine-shaped vibration
Test axes:
...
Sweep rate:
df / dt Sweep rate
ABS = 1 octave/min
Number of cycles:
...
Controlled variable
Complex controlled variable:
10 - 100 Hz: 2g (fmin) - 5g (fmax)
100 - 350 Hz: 5g
operating states:
2.1
evaluation criteria
input criteria:
Before the beginning of tests the DUTs should approve the intermediate tests and not show any mechanical damages.
output criteria:
The test has been successful if the DUTs show a plausible behaviour defined according to the drawing. After the test, the parameters of the intermediate test must be within the specified limits. The DUTs have to be visually inspected after testing. Mechanical damages are not admissible.
Additional specifications:
Visual inspection before testing.
The DUTs have to be mounted at their original connection points.
Continuous supervision of the DUTs during the test.
Begin of test at ambient temperature.
Repetition of the test in the other two geometrical axes.
11.1.2.2 | Wide band random vibration |
[Standard: IEC 60068-2-34 / Relevant Position: all],[Standard: IEC 60068-2-37 / Relevant Position: all][Standard: DIN 40046 / Relevant Position: Part 22 - 25].
The test shall simulate the fatigue load of the DUT in the X-, Y- and Z-axes. In general, the test is carried out in vehicle mounting position with the provided fixing elements.
The crest factor is the quotient of the maximum acceleration and the effective value of the acceleration.
Figure 69: structure of wide band random vibration
test
Example for content: |
Type of vibration:
Wide band random vibration
Test axes:
...
Frequency range:
f Frequency range
MIN = 10 Hz
MAX = 1000 Hz
Load duration:
t Load duration
ABS = 8 h per axis
Effective value of acceleration:
aeff Effective value of acceleration
ABS = 38,1 m/s2
Crest factor:
CF crest factor
ABS = 3,0
Form of the spectrums:
10 - 50 Hz: G(f)=0,2 g2 / Hz constant
50 - 66,7 Hz: G(f)=0,2 to 0,02 g2 / Hz decreasing by -24 dB / octave.
66,7 - 100 Hz: G(f)=0,02 g2 / Hz constant
100 - 1000 Hz: G(f)=0,02 to 0,002 g2 / Hz decreasing by -3 dB / octave.
Ambient conditions
Test temperature profile:
...
Operating states:
2.2
Evaluation criteria
Input criteria:
The previous function test is regarded as an electrical evaluation. The cases have to be examined for hair cracks and deformations.
Pass-through criteria:
No interference may arise during the test.
Output criteria:
The test is approved if the device parameters which correspond to the function of the DUT are within the specified limits after the application of load. The visual inspection includes control with respect to cracks and other mechanical damages.
Additional specifications:
When passing the lower stress temperature, the DUTs have to be disconnected.
11.1.2.3 | Shock |
Basis: [Standard: IEC 60068-2-27 / Relevant Position: all]
Serves for testing components which are mounted in hoods, doors, steering knuckles or, generally, are located near lockings.
Figure 70: Structure of a shock
Example for content: |
Form of excitation:
Half-sine
Acceleration amplitude:
a Acceleration amplitude
ABS = 100 g
Load duration:
t Load duration
ABS = 6 ms
Number of loads:
3
Ambient conditions
Other conditions:
Test temperatures are -40 °C, ambient temperature and 90 °C.
Operating states:
1.2
Evaluation criteria
Input criteria:
The approval of the previous function test is regarded as an electrical evaluation. Furthermore, the device is examined with respect to mechanical changes.
Output criteria:
The test is approved if the device parameters corresponding to the function of the DUT are within the specified limits after shock testing.
Cracks and other mechanical damages are not admissible.
Additional specifications:
Loads are applied per direction and per temperature.
Visual inspection of the DUT.
Pre-heating of the devices until reaching test temperature. The minimum dwell time at this temperature is one hour before beginning the shock test. The shock test has to be terminated at the latest 2 minutes after taking the DUT out of the conditioning temperature.
Repetition of this process at the other two test temperatures.
Visual inspection of the DUTs after the test end.
11.1.2.4 | Continuous bump |
Basis: [Standard: Environmental Testing; Part 2: Tests; Test Eb and Guideline Continuous Bump / Relevant Position: all]
Serves, in most cases, for testing components which are mounted in hoods, doors, steering knuckles or, generally, are located near locking devices.
Figure 71: Structure of continuous bump
Example for content: |
Form of excitation:
Half-sine
Acceleration amplitude:
a Acceleration amplitude
ABS = 25 g
Load duration:
t Load duration
ABS = 6 ms
Number of loads:
330
Ambient conditions
Other conditions:
Test temperatures are -40 °C, ambient temperature and 90 °C.
Operating states:
1.2
Evaluation criteria
Input criteria:
The approval of the previous function test is regarded as an electrical evaluation. Furthermore, the device is examined with respect to mechanical changes.
Output criteria:
The test is approved if the device parameters corresponding to the function of the DUT are within the specified limits after the shock test.
Cracks and other mechanical damages are not admissible.
Additional specifications:
Loads are applied per direction and per temperature.
Visual inspection of the DUT.
Pre-heating of the devices until reaching the test temperature. The minimum dwell time at this temperature is one hour before the begin of the shock test. The shock test has to be terminated at the latest 2 minutes after taking the DUT out of the conditioning temperature.
Repetition of this process at the other two test temperatures.
Visual inspection of the DUTs after the test end.
11.1.2.5 | Cyclic torsional strength |
The cyclic torsional strength is tested, for example, for infrared emitters, for detachable radio front plates and for keys. The test simulates the load for the whole service life of the DUT. The test is defined either by a maximum torque or by a maximum angle.
Figure 72: Structure of cyclic torsional strength
Example for content: |
11.1.2.6 | Additional tests |
Further tests can be described here.
Figure 73: Structure of additional tests
11.1.3 | Free fall |
Basis: [Standard: Evironmental Testing Part 2: Tests; Test Ed; Free Fall / Relevant Position: all]
The test <free-fall> is a simple method to simulate the effect of an impact due to rough handling.
In the course of the test, for each DUT the test axes with their corresponding directions are defined.
Figure 74: Structure of free fall
Example for content: |
Fall height:
h Fall height
ABS = 1,0 m
Soil:
Concrete
Number of DUTs:
3
Test course:
The DUTs have to be marked clearly before testing. At the first cycle, every DUT has to be loaded in a different main axis.
At the second cycle, the other side of the same axis has to be chosen.
DUT |
Load |
|
1 |
2 |
|
1 |
X-axis |
-X-axis |
2 |
Y-axis |
-Y-axis |
3 |
Z-axis |
-Z-axis |
Ambient conditions
Other conditions:
Ambient temperature
Operating states:
1.1
Evaluation criteria
Input criteria:
The previous function test is regarded as an electrical evaluation. The cases have to be examined with respect to hair cracks and deformations.
Output criteria:
The test is approved if the device parameters corresponding to the function of the DUT are within the specified limits.
Furthermore, an evaluation of the mechanical structure has to be carried out. Cracks, hair cracks, deformations or broken-off case parts are not admissible. The regular mounting into the vehicle should not be hampered.
11.1.4 | Surface strength |
11.1.4.1 | Scratch resistance |
This test serves to prove the scratch resistance of visible front surfaces of cases, keys, displays, letterings, stickers, etc. The test can be carried out with the Erichsen hardness test bar.
Figure 75: Structure of scratch resistance
Example for content: |
Type of test bar:
Type 318
Diameter of penetrator:
d diameter of penetrator
ABS = 0,75 mm
Load:
F load
ABS = 5 N
Test temperature:
TP Test temperature
ABS = 23 °C -/+ 5 K
Evaluation criteria
Output criteria:
After the test, there should not be any visible surface damage.
11.1.4.2 | Abrasion resistance |
11.1.4.2.1 | Stickers, common surfaces |
This test serves to prove the abrasion resistance of stickers and common surfaces. This test can be carried out with the crockmeter according to [Standard: DIN 54021 / Relevant Position: all].
Figure 76: Structure of stickers and common
surfaces
Example for content: |
Number of strokes:
...
Number of DUTs:
...
Test temperature:
TP Test temperature
ABS = 23 °C -/+ 5 K
Pre-treatment:
Roll on sticker with 5kg steel roll onto grease-free surface. Move roll in 5s once forward and once backward over the conglutination. Cure DUT for 2 hours at normal atmosphere according to DIN 50 014.
Evaluation criteria
Output criteria:
Comparison table according to DIN 54021 for colour changes at the probe.
11.1.4.2.2 | Buttons, resistance to synthetical sweat solution with abrasion |
This test serves to prove the abrasion resistance of hand-operated buttons, switches, touch-displays and of interior parts with inscriptions. The test can be carried out with a testing device similar to [Standard: DIN 40046-59 / Relevant Position: all].
Figure 77: Structure buttons,switches, displays
Example for content: |
Stroke frequency:
...
Stroke length:
...
Contact force:
...
Number of strokes:
10.000
Friction medium:
Felt according to [Standard: DIN 61200 / Relevant Position: all], hardness H1, diameter and thickness = 10mm
Test medium:
Synthetical sweat solution according to [Standard: DIN 53160 / Relevant Position: all].
Number of DUTs:
...
Test temperature:
TP Test temperature
ABS = 23 °C -/+ 5 K
Pre-treatment:
Not applicable.
Evaluation criteria
Output criteria:
11.1.5 | Strength of interfaces |
The requirements to the forces of plugging on and pulling off of all plug-in connections, with and without joining device, and of contact pairs are defined here.
The requirements to forces of plugging on and pulling off of are defined here.
Figure 78: Structure of interface strength
11.1.6 | Further properties |
Further tests can be described here.
Figure 79: Structure of additional specifications
11.2 |
Climatic characteristics |
11.2.1 | Temperature |
11.2.1.1 | Operating temperature |
Description of the temperature range for operation. Limitations of functions can be described in the marginal conditions to the parameters.
The relation range designates the measuring point/measuring range for the temperature.
Figure 80: Structure of operating temperature
specification
Example for content: |
Operating temperature:
TB Operating temperature
MIN = -40 °C -0+2 K
MAX = 130 °C -2+0 K
Reference range:
Operating temperature measured as ambient temperature of control device.
11.2.1.2 | Storage temperature |
Description of the temperature range for storage.
Figure 81: Structure of storage temperature
specification
Example for content: |
Storage temperature
constant:
TLd constant storage temperature
MIN = -40 °C -0+2 K
MAX = 80 °C -2+0 K
short-time:
TLk short-time storage temperature
MAX = 90 °C -2+0 K
tLk Dwell time
11.2.2 | IP-Protection class/protection against foreign bodies, touch and water |
Basis: [Standard: IP-Protection / Relevant Position: all],DIN 40050-9
The IP protection class describes the penetration protection against foreign bodies, contact and water, and implicitly determines tests to be carried out. If necessary, deviations from the standard can be documented in the structural part <temp> or in the section Temperature storage, designated for this purpose.
Figure 82: Structure of protection class test
Example for content: |
IP protection class:
IP34K
[Standard: DIN 40050-9 / Relevant Position: all].
11.2.3 | climatic characteristics tests |
11.2.3.1 | Temperature storage |
11.2.3.1.1 | Low temperature storage |
[Standard: (Dry coldness) / Relevant Position: all]
A test according to the standard is described and performed.
Figure 83: Structure of low temperature storage
Example for content: |
Test temperature:
TP Test temperature
ABS = -40 °C -0+2 K
Test duration:
tP Test duration
ABS = 48 h
Operating states:
2.1
Evaluation criteria:
11.2.3.1.2 | High temperature storage |
[Standard: (Dry heat) / Relevant Position: all]
A test according to the standard is described and performed.
Figure 84: Structure of high temperature storage
Example for content: |
Test temperature:
TP Test temperature
ABS = 130 °C -2+0 K
Test duration:
tP Test duration
ABS = 48 h
Operating states:
2.1
Evaluation criteria:
11.2.3.2 | Long-time temperature test |
11.2.3.2.1 | Long-time low temperature test |
The long-time low temperature test is performed at climatic conditions which are described in the standard.
Complex relations between operating states and dwell times can be documented as additional specifications. The dwell time here describes the duration for which an operating state is maintained.
Figure 85: Structure of long-time low temperature
test
Example for content: |
Test temperature:
TP Test temperature
ABS = -30 °C -0+2 K
Test duration:
tP Test duration
ABS = 24 h
Operating states:
3.1 tV Dwell time ABS = 1 h
3.3 tV Dwell time ABS = 1 h
Evaluation criteria:
11.2.3.2.2 | Long-time high temperature test |
The long-time high temperature test is performed at climatic conditions which are described in the standard. This test is equivalent to a time-compressed service life test.
Complex relations between operating states and dwell times can be documented as additional specifications. The dwell time here describes the duration for which an operating state is maintained.
Figure 86: Structure of long-time high temperature
test
Example for content: |
Test temperature:
TP Test temperature
ABS = 80 °C -2+0 K
Test duration:
tP Test duration
ABS = 1000 h
Operating states:
3.1 tV Dwell time ABS = 1 h
3.3 tV Dwell time ABS = 1 h
Evaluation criteria:
11.2.3.3 | Rapid temperature change with determined transfer duration (temperature shock) |
[Standard: Environmental Testing, Rapid temperature change with determined transfer duration (temperature shock) / Relevant Position: Test Na]
This test is described according to the standard.
Complex relations between operating states and dwell times can be documented as additional specifications.
Figure 87: Structure of temperature shock test
Example for content: |
Transfer duration:
tÜ Transfer duration
ABS <= 5 s
Upper test temperature:
TPO Upper test temperature
ABS = 85 °C -2+0 K
Lower test temperature:
TPU Lower test temperature
ABS = -40 °C -0+2 K
Dwell time at upper temperature:
tPO Dwell time at upper temperature
ABS = 30 min +/- 1 min
Dwell time at lower temperature:
tPU Dwell time at lower temperature
ABS = 30 min +/- 1 min
Number of cycles:
100
Operating states:
2.0 tV Dwell time = entire test duration
3.3 tV Dwell time = test duration for dynamic function test
Evaluation criteria:
...
Additional specifications:
The function test is performed after 50% and after 100% of the test duration.
11.2.3.4 | Temperature change with determined rate of change |
[Standard: Environmental Testing Part2: Test Nb; Temperature change with determined rate of change / Relevant Position: all]
This test is described according to the standard.
Complex relations between operating states and dwell times can be documented as additional specifications.
Figure 88: Structure of temperature change test
Example for content: |
Rate of change:
vT Rate of change
ABS = 4.167 K/min
Upper test temperature:
TPO Upper test temperature
ABS = 85 °C -2+0 K
Lower test temperature:
TPU Lower test temperature
ABS = -40 °C -0+2 K
Dwell time at upper temperature:
tPO Dwell time at upper temperature
ABS = 30 min +/- 1 min
Dwell time at lower temperature:
tPU Dwell time at lower temperature
ABS = 30 min +/- 1 min
Number of cycles:
500
Operating states:
2.1 tV Dwell time ABS = 1 h
3.3 tV Dwell time ABS = 1 h
Evaluation criteria:
...
Additional specifications
Figure 89: Example for temperature change test
11.2.3.5 | Temperature function test |
The objective is to find possible malfunctions in a temperature window determined by the pattern. In every temperature window all functions are tested. The temperature function test is started at ambient temperature.
Figure 90: Structure of temperature function
Example for content: |
Pattern:
DT pattern
MAX = 5 K
Upper test temperature:
TPO Upper test temperature
ABS = 80 °C -2+0 K
Lower test temperature:
TPU Lower test temperature
ABS = -25 °C -0+2 K
Evaluation criteria:
...
Additional specifications
Figure 91: Example for temperature function test
11.2.3.6 | Rapid temperature change by splash water |
A situation like driving through water in winter shall be simulated.
Figure 92: structure of splash water test
Example for content: |
Temperature of DUT:
TP Temperature of DUT
ABS = 85 °C
Dwell time at temperature of DUT:
tV Dwell time at temperature of DUT
ABS = 30 min
Temperature of splashing liquid:
TS Temperature of splashing liquid
MIN = 0 °C MAX = 4 °C
Transfer duration:
tÜ Transfer duration
MIN = 5 s MAX = 20 s
Number of cycles:
100
Operating states:
0.0 tV Dwell time MIN = 13 s MAX = 43 s 2 x tU + TS
2.1 tV Dwell time ABS = 15 min starting from storage at temperature of DUT
3.2 tV Dwell time ABS = 15 min before the begin of the rearrangement
Splashing duration:
tS Splashing duration
ABS = 3 s
Splashing quantity:
QS Splashing quantity
ABS = 5 l/min
Splashing liquid:
Water with 3 % of arizona dust
Evaluation criteria:
...
Additional specifications:
After heating the DUT to the required test temperature and after elapsed dwell time (including electrical operation) the device is transferred to ambient temperature conditions and afterwards submitted to the splash liquid.
11.2.3.7 | Rapid temperature change by immersion |
Increased thermal shock test.
Figure 93: Structure of immersion
Example for content: |
Temperature of DUT:
TP Temperature of DUT
ABS = 85 °C
Dwell time at temperature of DUT:
tV Dwell time at TP
ABS = 1 h
Temperature of liquid:
TF Temperature of liquid
ABS = 0 °C
Immersion fluid:
5 % salt water
Transfer duration:
tU Repositioning duration
ABS = 5 s
Immersion duration:
tT Immersion duration
ABS = 5 min
Number of cycles:
20
Operating state:
2.1
Evaluation criteria:
...
Additional specifications:
After heating the DUT to the required test temperature and after elapsed dwell time (including electrical operation) the device is repositioned into ambient temperature conditions and afterwards immersed.
11.2.3.8 | Condensation water containing sulphur in alternating climate |
[Standard: DIN 50 018 KFW / Relevant Position: all]
This test serves to prove corrosion resistance against condensation water containing sulphur. The sulphur content may vary (admissible values: 0,067%, 0,33% and 0,67%). Test temperatures, relative humidities, dwell times and transfer duration are specified in the standard.
Figure 94: Structure of condensation water test
Example for content: |
State 1
Upper test temperature:
TPO Upper test temperature
ABS = 40 °C
Relative humidity:
FPO Humidity above
ABS = 100 %
Operating state:
1.2
State 2
Lower test temperature:
TPU Lower test temperature
MIN = 18 °C
MAX = 28 °C
Relative humidity:
FPU Humidity below
ABS < 75 %
Operating state:
1.2
Sulphur content:
k SO2 volume concentration
ABS = 0,2 l per cycle
Number of cycles:
6
Evaluation criteria:
11.2.3.9 | Condensing water in alternating climate |
[Standard: DIN 50 017 / Relevant Position: all]
Generally, one of the three following tests is described.
11.2.3.9.1 | Condensing water and constant humidity KK |
Test temperature and relative humidity are determined in the standard.
Figure 95: Structure of condensing water and constant
humidity
Example for content: |
11.2.3.9.2 | Condensing water with temperature change; constant humidity KTW |
The test temperatures, the dwell times, the relative humidity and the transfer duration are specified in the standard.
Figure 96: Structure of condensing water with
temperature change
Example for content: |
11.2.3.9.3 | Condensing water with humidity and temperature changes KFW |
The test temperatures, the dwell times, the relative humidity and the transfer duration are specified in the standard.
Figure 97: Structure of condensing water with
humidity and temperature changes
Example for content: |
11.2.3.10 | Constant humidity and heat |
Basis: [Standard: Environmental Testings Part 2: Testing;Test Ca / Relevant Position: all]
This test serves to prove the functioning of the device in a constant high humidity. Test temperature and relative humidity are determined by the standard.
Figure 98: Structure of constant humidity and heat
Example for content: |
Test temperature:
TP Test temperature
ABS = 40 °C
Relative humidity:
FP Relative humidity
ABS = 93 %
Operating state:
1.2
Test duration:
tP Test duration
ABS = 21 days
Evaluation criteria:
11.2.3.11 | Cycles of humidity and heat |
Basis: [Standard: Environmental Testings Part 2: Testing; Test Db / Relevant Position: all]
This test serves to prove the functioning of the device in changing humidity. Test temperatures, relative humidity and cycle duration are determined by the standard.
Figure 99: Structure of cycles of humidity and heat
Example for content: |
Upper test temperature:
TPO Upper test temperature
ABS = 55 °C
Operating state above:
...
Lower test temperature:
TPU Lower test temperature
ABS = 25 °C
Operating state below:
...
Relative humidity:
FP Humidity below
ABS > 90 %
Cycle duration:
tZ Cycle duration
ABS = 24 h (12 h + 12 h)
Number of cycles:
9
Evaluation criteria:
...
Additional specifications
Figure 100: Example for cycles of humidity and heat
11.2.3.12 | Saline fog (salt spraying fog) |
Basis: [Standard: Environmental Testings Part 2: / Relevant Position: all][Standard: DIN 50021 / Relevant Position: SS]
This test serves to prove the resistance against corrosion due to saline fog.
Figure 101: Structure of saline fog
Example for content: |
Test temperature:
TP Test temperature
ABS = 35 °C
pH-value of the spraying liquid:
pH-value pH-value of the spraying liquid
MIN = 6,5 content of sodium chloride: 50 g/l
MAX = 7,2
Spraying duration:
tS Spraying duration
ABS = 8 h
Operating state:
1.2
Cycle duration:
tZ Cycle duration
ABS = 24 h, 16 of these as rest-time in the closed saline fog spraying chamber
Number of cycles:
6
Evaluation criteria:
11.2.3.13 | Noxious gas test (multicomponent climate) |
This test is not described in any national or international standard. It is required by individual automobile manufacturers and is included in in-house standards (e.g. BMW N600.13 part 1 or SN29065.8). It serves for testing of environmental effects as they occur in road traffic.
Figure 102: Structure of noxious gas
Example for content: |
Test temperature:
TP Test temperature
ABS = 25 °C -2+2 K
Relative humidity:
FP Relative humidity
ABS = 75 -/+5 %
Noxious gases:
SO2 k concentration ABS = 0,2 cm3/m3
H2 k concentration ABS = 0,01 cm3/m3
NO2 k concentration ABS = 0,2 cm3/m3
Cl2 k concentration ABS = 0,01 cm3/m3
Operating state:
1.2
Test duration:
tP Test duration
ABS = 10 days
Evaluation criteria:
11.2.3.14 | Additional tests |
Further tests can be described here.
Figure 103: Structure of additional tests
11.3 |
Chemical characteristics |
These tests serve to prove the resistance against media as supergrade petrol, diesel fuel, oils, radiator antifreezing compounds, battery acid, cleaning liquids for lights and windscreen, brake fluid, cold cleaners, alcohol, refreshment beverages, etc..
Figure 104: Structure of chemical characteristics
Example for content: |
Tests
Test medium:
Cold cleaner
Test temperature:
TP Test temperature
ABS = 70 °C
Spraying duration:
tBS Spraying duration
ABS = 20 s
Duration of action:
tEW Duration of action
ABS = 24 h
Operating state:
1.2
Evaluation criteria:
...
Test medium:
Gear lubricant oil
Test temperature:
TP Test temperature
ABS = 70 °C
Spraying duration:
tBS Spraying duration
ABS = 20 s
Duration of action:
tEW Duration of action
ABS = 24 h
Operating state:
1.2
Evaluation criteria:
...
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